Ko te whakawhiti reo mai i te reo Māori ki te reo Initonīhia (Bahasa Indonesia) he kaupapa whakahirahira e whakaatu ana i te hononga hohonu o ngā reo o te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa me te taha tonga-rawhiti o Āhia. Ahakoa he tawhiti te paenga whenua i waenga i a Aotearoa me Initonīhia, ko ngā reo e rua nei he reo whanaunga e puta mai ana i te whānau reo kotahi, ara, ko te whānau reo Austronesian. Nā tēnei hononga taketake, he māmā ake te kite i ētahi aronga rite i roto i te whakawhiti kōrero, heoi, kei reira tonu ngā wero wetereo, ngā nuances ahurea, me ngā tūmomo whakarerekētanga me matua mārama e te kaiwhakawhiti reo ngaio.
Te Hononga o ngā Reo Austronesian: He Tūāpapa Whakawhiti Reo
Ki te wetewetehia te takenga mai o te reo Māori me te reo Initonīhia, ka kitea te whanaungatanga i roto i ngā kupu taketake (cognates) e tohu ana i te tūāpapa kotahi. He maha ngā kupu e hāngai tonu ana te mātāpono o te oro me te tikanga. Hei tauira, ko te kupu Māori mō te 'rima' (5) ko te 'lima' i te reo Initonīhia. Ko te 'rua' (2) ko te 'dua', ko te 'mata' (eye) ko te 'mata', ā, ko te 'kutu' (louse) ko te 'kutu'. Mō te kaiwhakawhiti reo, he mea nui tēnei hononga ki te whakakōhao i tētahi piriti ā-hinengaro me te whakatairanga i te mauri o te kōrero kia kaua e ngaro te pūtake o ngā kupu o nehe.
Heoi, ahakoa tēnei hononga nui, kua whanake motuhake ngā reo e rua i roto i te tini o ngā tau. Kua awehia te reo Initonīhia e ngā reo Sanskrit, Arapi, Hōrana (Dutch), me te reo Ingarihi, i te mea kua pupuri te reo Māori i tōna āhua motuhake i roto i te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa i mua i te taenga mai o te reo Ingarihi. Nā tēnei, ka hiahiatia he rautaki motuhake mō te whakawhiti reo kia kaua ngā kupu hou me ngā hanganga pūkenga rorohiko e whakapōrearea i te pono o te kōrero.
Ngā Rerekētanga Wetereo me te Hanga Rerenga Kōrero
Ko te wetereo te taha hangarau o te whakawhiti reo, ā, koinei tētahi o ngā wāhanga matua e rerekē ai te reo Māori me te reo Initonīhia. Ko te hanganga o te rerenga kōrero i te reo Māori e whai ana i te raupapa VSO (Verb-Subject-Object). Ko te tikanga, ka tīmata te rerenga kōrero ki te kupumahi, ka whai mai te tumu (subject), kātahi te pānga (object). Hei tauira, "Kua tuhia e te tohunga te pukapuka."
I te reo Initonīhia, he raupapa SVO (Subject-Verb-Object) tōna, he rite tonu ki tō te reo Ingarihi me te reo Hainamana. Ki te whakawhitia te rerenga kōrero i runga ake nei ki te reo Initonīhia, ka whakatakotoria pēnei: "Penulis itu telah menulis buku." Ko te tumu ('Penulis' - tohunga/kaituhituhi) ka haere ki mua, ka whai mai te kupumahi ('menulis' - tuhia), kātahi te pānga ('buku' - pukapuka). Me aro nui te kaiwhakawhiti reo ki tēnei panonitanga hanga rerenga kōrero kia rere pai ai te tuhinga ki te taringa o te tangata Initonīhia.
Tētahi atu āhuatanga matua ko te whakamahi i ngā tūtohu wā me ngā pīmuri/pīmua (affixes). Kāore he tūtohu wā (tense markers) motuhake o te reo Initonīhia pērā i te 'kua', 'i', me te 'kei te' o te reo Māori. Engari, ka whakamahia ngā kupu mahi awhina (auxiliary verbs) pērā i te 'telah' (kua), 'sedang' (kei te), me te 'akan' (ka/e... ana) hei tohu i te wā. Ko te reo Initonīhia he reo e tino whirinaki ana ki ngā pīmua me ngā pīmuri (pērā i te ber-, me-, di-, -kan, -i) hei whakarerekē i te āhua o te kupumahi mai i te mahi-a-tinana ki te mahi-a-pānga (active to passive voice). He tino uaua tēnei ki te whakawhiti mai i te reo Māori e whakamahi ana i te pīmuri hāngū (passive suffixes) pērā i te -tia, -hia, -ngia.
Te Whakawhiti i ngā Ariā Ahurea me ngā Kupu Tohu Tikanga
Ko te whakawhiti reo kāore e whirinaki noa ki te wetereo; ko te uho o te mahi ko te whakawhiti i te ahurea. He maha ngā kupu Māori he hōhonu te tikanga ā-wairua, ā-hapori hoki, ā, kāore he kupu kotahi i te reo Initonīhia e rite ana te mana. Anei ētahi o ngā ariā matua me te mātāpono hei whakawhiti i a rātou:
- Mana: He kupu tēnei e tohu ana i te manaakitanga, te mana ā-tangata, me te mana o te atua. I te reo Initonīhia, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā kupu pērā i te 'wibawa' (prestige/authority), 'kehormatan' (honour), te 'kekuatan spiritual' (spiritual power) rānei, engari me matua whakamārama te horopaki kia puta ai tōna tino hōhonutanga.
- Kaitiakitanga: Ka taea tēnei te whakawhiti ki te 'pelestarian' (conservation) me te 'penjagaan' (guardianship), engari hei pupuri i te hononga ki te taiao me ngā tīpuna, he pai ake te whakamahi i te kupu 'kearifan lokal dalam menjaga alam' (local wisdom in protecting nature).
- Whanaungatanga: Ko te wairua o tēnei kupu he whakawhanaunga, he hononga ā-whānau, ā-hapori hoki. He rite tōna wairua ki te kupu Initonīhia 'kekeluargaan' (familyhood) me te 'gotong royong' (mutual cooperation). Ko te 'gotong royong' tētahi o ngā pou matua o te ao Initonīhia e whakaatu ana i te mahi tahi a te hapori mō te painga o te katoa, pērā tonu i te mahi a te hapū me te iwi i te ao Māori.
Ki te kore e taea te kimi i tētahi kupu rite, ko te huarahi tino ngaio ko te pupuri i te kupu Māori taketake me te whakamahi i tētahi whakamārama poto (annotation/glossing) i te reo Initonīhia. Ko tēnei huarahi e kiia ana ko te 'cultural preservation in translation', ā, he tino hira tēnei mo te pupuri i te tapu o te reo Māori.
Ngā Tohu Awhina mo te Kaiwhakawhiti Reo Māori-Initonīhia
Mō te hunga e hiahia ana ki te whakawhiti tuhinga i waenga i ēnei reo e rua, me whai i ēnei tohutohu matua hei whakarite i te kounga o te mahi:
- Pānuihia te tuhinga katoa i mua i te tīmatanga: Me matua mārama ki te kaupapa matua me te 'hau' (essence) o te tuhinga. Whakaritea mēnā he tuhinga ōkawa (formal) pērā i te ture, he tuhinga ōpaki rānei pērā i te kōrero noa.
- Whakatauhia te hunga pānui (Target Audience): He maha ngā ahurea rerekē i Initonīhia, ā, he rerekē hoki te reo o te taiohi ki te reo o te pakeke. Me whiriwhiri i te reo Initonīhia e hāngai ana ki te hunga ka pānui i te tuhinga whakamutunga.
- Karohia te whakawhiti kupu-ki-te-kupu: Ki te whakawhiti kupu-ki-te-kupu koe, ka noho hangarite te tuhinga, ā, kāore e puta te tino tikanga o te kōrero Māori. Arohia te tikanga o te rerenga kōrero katoa, kaua ko ngā kupu takitahi.
- Whakamahia ngā taputapu rorohiko me te tupato: Ahakoa he painga tō ngā pūnaha pēnei i te Google Translate, he maha tonu ngā hapa wetereo me ngā hapa ahurea ka puta i a rātou. Me matua mahi tahi te tangata pūkenga ki ēnei taputapu hei whakarite i te hanga tika o te rerenga.
Te Whakamutunga me te Mana o te Tuhinga
Ko te whakawhiti reo mai i te reo Māori ki te reo Initonīhia he hononga wairua e whakamana ana i ngā iwi e rua o te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa. Ma te tirotiro ki ngā hononga tawhito o te reo, te wetewete i ngā wetereo rerekē, me te pupuri i te tapu o ngā ariā ahurea, ka oti he tuhinga whakamāoritanga e rere māniania ana, e mārama ana, ā, e whakaute ana hoki i te mana o te reo Māori me te reo Initonīhia.