Kushandura zvinyorwa kubva pamutauro weChiShona kuenda paChiMakedhoniya ibasa rakaoma asi rine mubairo mukuru. Mitauro iyi miviri inobva kumhuri dzakasiyana zvachose dzezvemutauro: ChiShona mutauro wechiBantu unowanikwa muAfrica yekuChamhembe, uine zvivakwa zvakatsamira pakubatanidza zvivakiso (agglutination) nemipanda yemazita, kasi ChiMakedhoniya uri mutauro wechiSlav (South Slavic) unotaurwa kudunhu reBalkan muEurope. ChiMakedhoniya chine girama yakasiyana zvikuru neyemimwe mitauro yechiSlav nekuda kwekuti hachishandisi masuffixes emacases akaoma asi chine zviratidzi zvemashoko zvinonamirwa kumagumo emazita (postposed definite articles). Nhungamiro iyi inotsanangura nzira, matambudziko, nemano anodiwa nevashanduri kuti vakwanise kuburitsa basa rine hunyanzvi uye rine chokwadi.
Kuenzanisa Zvivakwa Kwegirama Semuedzo Mukuru
Kusiyana kwakakura pakati peChiShona neChiMakedhoniya kunooneka zvakanyanya muzvivakwa zvegirama. Kuti mushanduri abudirire, anofanira kunzwisisa nzira dzinotevera dzekugadzirisa kusiyana uku:
- Mipanda yeMazita (Noun Classes) neGender: MuChiShona, mazita akakamurwa kuita mipanda inodarika gumi nemasere (kubva pamupanda 1 kusvika pamupanda 21), inotonga kushanda kwemamwe mashoko mumutsara kuburikidza nekuwirirana kwezvivakiso (concordial agreement). MuChiMakedhoniya, hapana mipanda yakadaro; pane zvikamu zvitatu chete zvinoti chemukono (masculine), chikadzi (feminine), nechakarerekera (neuter). Vashanduri vanofanira kutsvaga nzira yekuchinja chivakiso chemupanda weChiShona kuti chienderane negender nemagumo emazita emuChiMakedhoniya.
- Kushandiswa kweZviratidzi (Definiteness): ChiShona hachina zvinyorwa zvakaita se "the" kana "a/an" zvinomira zvakasiyana; mamiriro emazita anoratidza kuti chinhu chiri kutaurwa ndechechokwadi here kana kuti kwete kuburikidza necontext. Kasi ChiMakedhoniya chine zviratidzi zvinonamirwa kumagumo ezita (postposed definite articles) zvakaita se "-ot", "-ta", "-to", "-te". Izvi zvinoreva kuti mushanduri paanenge achibva paChiShona anofanira kuongorora mamiriro echinyorwa kuti azive kana zita racho richifanira kunyorwa richiratidza kujeka (definite) kana kusajeka (indefinite) muChiMakedhoniya.
- Zvivakiso zveZviito (Verb Conjugation): ChiShona mutauro unobatanidza zvivakiso zvakawanda mushoko rimwe chete. Semuyenzaniso, shoko rokuti "ndakakumuropafadza" rine chitsigiro chemusoro (ndi-), chenguva yakapfuura (-a-), chechinangwa (-ku-), nemuromo wechiito (-muropafadza). MuChiMakedhoniya, kunyange zvazvo zviito zvichishanduka zvakare zvichienderana nenguva, munhu, nehuwandu, zvinowanzoita kuti mutsara uve nemashoko akazvimiririra. Izvi zvinoda kuti mushanduri aputse shoko rega rega reChiShona kuita zvikamu zvinoverengeka muChiMakedhoniya pasina kurasikirwa nezvinoreva chirevo.
Matambudziko eTsumo, Madimikira Netsika
Mutauro weChiShona wakapfuma kwazvo nehudzamu hwetsika, hunoonekwa kuburikidza netsumo nemadimikira. Izvi zvinomiririra nhoroondo, zvitendero, uye mararamiro evanhu vemuZimbabwe. Paunenge uchishandura kuenda kuChiMakedhoniya, kushandura shoko nezwi (literal translation) kunogona kukonzera kuti zvinoreva chirevo zviparare kana kurasikirwa nerevo yacho zvachose.
Semuyenzaniso, tsumo yeChiShona inoti: "Chara chimwe hachitswanyi nda". Kana mutsara uyu ukashandurwa shoko nezwi muChiMakedhoniya sekuti "Еден прст не гмечи вошка", unogona kunzwika usina kujeka kana kuti usina zvahunoreva kumuverengi wekuMacedonia. Panzvimbo peizvi, mushanduri ane ruzivo anofanira kutsvaga tsumo inoenderana neiyo muChiMakedhoniya, yakadai sekuti: "Една рака не плеска" (Ruoko rumwe haruchere chanza), iyo inotaura nezvekubatana uye kubatsirana kwevanhu.
Kusiyana kwezvinhu zvakatipoteredza kunokanganisawo mashandurirwo emitauro iyi. Zvinhu zvakajairika muZimbabwe zvakadai se "sadza", "chakata", kana "ruvare" hazvina mazita akafanana nawo muMacedonia nekuda kwekusiyana kwemamiriro ekunze netsika. Muzviitiko izvi, mushanduri anofanira kushandisa nzira dzinotevera:
- Kutsanangura (Descriptive Translation): Kupa tsananguro pfupi yezvinoreva shoko pane kurishandura nezwi risipo.
- Kukwereta Shoko (Transliteration/Loanwords): Kushandisa shoko reChiShona racho sezvariri asi rakanyorwa nemabhii echiCyrillic cheMacedonian (semuenzaniso, "садза" pachinzvimbo che "sadza") uyezve nekutsanangura muchidimbu mubereko wacho.
- Kugadzirisa neTsika (Cultural Adaptation): Kutsvaga chikafu kana chinhu chine kukosha kwakafanana mutsika yechiMacedonia kuti chinyorwa chinzwikwe zvakanaka kumuverengi wemuno.
Tafura Yekuenzanisa Mimwe Mipanda yeMazita neGirama yeMakedhoniya
Kuti tinzwisise zviri nyore, tafura inotevera inoratidza misiyano nemikana yekushandura mimwe mitsara yakajairika kubva kuChiShona kuenda kuChiMakedhoniya:
| ChiShona (Mutsara neMupanda) | Makedhoniya (Cyrillic) | Tsananguro yeKusiyana Kwegirama |
|---|---|---|
| Mwana mukomana ari kumhanya (Mupanda 1) | Момчето трча | MuChiShona, "ari kumhanya" inoshandisa chiratidzi cheChiito chechimiro chiripo. MuChiMakedhoniya, zita "момче" rinotora suffix "-то" kuratidza kujeka, uye chiito "трча" chinomiririra munhu wechitatu. |
| Miti mirefu yadonha (Mupanda 4) | Високите дрвја паднаа | MuChiShona, kuwirirana kunoitika pachiratidzi chechipikiri "mirefu" nechiito "yadonha". MuChiMakedhoniya, chipikiri "високите" chinowirirana muhuwandu negender (plural feminine/neuter article "-те") nezita rekuti "дрвја". |
| Ndinoenda kuchikoro mazuva ose | Одам на училиште секој ден | Mutauro weChiShona unobatanidza chivakiso chemusoro ("ndi-") muchiito, apo muChiMakedhoniya chivakiso ichi chinoratidzwa nemagumo echiito ("одам") pasina kushandisa pronoun yekuti "јас" (ini). |
Mazano Anoshanda ekuVandudza Unyanzvi hweKushandura
Kuti uve mushanduri ane unyanzvi pakati pemitauro iyi miviri, pane zvakawanda zvinoda kucherechedzwa panguva yebasa:
- Dzidza Mabhii eCyrillic zvakadzama: ChiMakedhoniya chinoshandisa mabhii eCyrillic. Vashanduri vanofanira kuva neunyanzvi hwekunyora mabhii aya uye kunzwisisa madudzirwo awo (phonetics) kuitira kuti mazita ezvinhu neevanhu vemuZimbabwe akwanise kunyorwa zvakatsiga pasina kukanganisa mataurirwo awo.
- Kushandiswa Kwezvinyorwa Zvemagetsi (Translation Memories & Glossaries): Sezvo mitauro iyi isina kushandurwa zvakanyanya padandemutande, vashanduri vanokurudzirwa kugadzira dhatabhesi yavo yezwi nemitsara (glossaries). Izvi zvinobatsira kuchengetedza kuwirirana kwemashoko (consistency) muzvinyorwa zvakareba.
- Kudzivirira Kushandura Kwakananga (Literal Translation Pitfalls): Usatore duramazwi woshungurudzika nekutsvaga shoko rimwe nerimwe richipinda mune rimwe. Tarisa mutsara wose, unzwisise shoko guru riri kutaurwa (semantic meaning), uye rinyore patsva muChiMakedhoniya uchishandisa mutauro unonzwika seweko.
- Kuverenga nekuGadzirisa (Proofreading): Mushure mekushandura, siyanisa chinyorwa kwemaawa mashoma kana zuva rimwe chete. Zvadaro, chiverenge zvakare uchingotarisa mutauro wawakashandura uchienda kwauri (target language - Macedonian) kuti uone kana uchiyerera zvakanaka pasina kuita sewakashandurwa kubva kumutauro wechiBantu.
Kushanda nemitauro iyi kunoda kuzvipira, ruzivo rwakadzama rwegirama, uye kunzwisisa tsika nemagariro evanhu vese vari vaviri. Nekutevera nhungamiro iyi nekuvandudza unyanzvi hwekugadzirisa zvivakwa zvemitauro zvakatsanangurwa, vashanduri vanokwanisa kuburitsa mabasa emhando yepamusoro, anogutsa uye anonzwisisika nevanhu vekuMacedonian vanafarira zvinyorwa zvinobva kuZimbabwe kana muZimbabwe zvakare.