Ko te whakawhiti reo i waenga i te reo Māori me te reo Hainamana he mahi motuhake e tūhono ana i ngā ao hōhonu e rua. Ehara i te mea he whakawhiti kupu noa iho; he tatari, he tātari, he whakatakoto hoki i ngā kōrero kia hāngai ki te wairua me te tikanga o tēnā reo, o tēnā reo. I tēnei ao hurihuri, e piki haere ana te hiahia ki te whakamāori i ngā tuhituhinga Māori ki te reo Hainamana, ahakoa mō te tāpoi, mō te taha ki ngā hononga kāwanatanga, mō te mātauranga rānei. Mā tēnei tuhinga e whakamārama ngā āhuatanga matua, ngā wero, me ngā tūtohutanga hei āwhina i te kaiwhakamāori e whai ana ki te whakatutuki i tēnei mahi hirahira.
Ngā Rerekētanga Wetereo: Te Huinga Kupu me te Hanga
Ina whakaritea te reo Māori ki te reo Hainamana, ka kitea tonutia te rerekē o te whakatakoto i te rerenga kōrero. Ko te reo Māori he reo e whai ana i te raupapa Tūmahi-Kaimahi-Whakaoti (VSO - Verb-Subject-Object) i te nuinga o te wā. Hei tauira, ki te kīia "E kai ana te tamaiti i te aporo", ko te tūmahi "kai" te tōmua. He rereke rawa ki te reo Hainamana, e whai ana i te raupapa Kaimahi-Tūmahi-Whakaoti (SVO - Subject-Verb-Object), pērā i te reo Ingarihi. I te Hainamana, ka kīia "孩子吃苹果" (Māori: Te tamaiti kai aporo).
Ko tētahi atu wero wetereo ko te kore o ngā kupu hono pērā i te "te" me te "ngā" i roto i te Hainamana. I te reo Māori, he mea nui ēnei kupu whakaatu i te takitahi, i te maha rānei o te tūpou. I te reo Hainamana, kāore he tūpou motuhake e whakaatu ana i te maha (plurality) ki ngā tūingoa kore-ora, ā, me whakamahi i ngā kupu ine (classifiers) pērā i te "个" (gè), "只" (zhī) rānei, e ai ki te ahua o te mea e kōrerotia ana. Me mataara te kaiwhakamāori ki ēnei momo wetereo kia kore ai e heke te rere o te Hainamana ina whakawhitia mai i te reo Māori.
Te Wairua me te Tikanga: Te Whakawhiti i ngā Kupu Tohu Hōhonu
Ko te hunga e whakawhiti ana i te reo Māori ki te reo Hainamana me whai whakaaro nui ki te taha ahurea. Kei roto i te reo Māori ngā kupu e kīia ana he pūtake whakahirahira nō te ao Māori, kāore e taea te whakawhiti ngāwari ki tētahi atu reo me te kore e ngaro te hōhonutanga. Hei tauira:
- Mana: He kupu tēnei e tohu ana i te manaakitanga, te whakahīhī, te mana ā-rangi, te mana ā-whenua rānei. I te Hainamana, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā kupu pērā i te "威望" (wēiwàng - mana/manaakitanga) me te "尊严" (zūnyán -尊严/尊荣) engari me tāpiri he kupu whakamārama hei whakaatu i te taha wairua o te kupu.
- Kaitiakitanga: Ko te tiaki i te whenua me ngā taonga o te taiao. Ka taea te whakatakoto ki te Hainamana ko te "监护权" (jiānhùquán) mō te taha ture, ko te "环境保护与传承" (huánjìng bǎohù yǔ chuánchéng - te tiaki me te tuku i te taiao) rānei e hāngai ana ki te taiao.
- Whakapapa: Ko te kāwai rangatira, te tātai kōrero mai i ngā tupuna. Ko te Hainamana e whakamahi ana i te "谱系" (pǔxì) me te "家谱" (jiāpǔ - whakapapa ā-whānau), engari ko te whakapapa Māori he whānui ake, e pā ana ki ngā maunga, ngā awa, me ngā atua katoa.
Mā te whakamahi i ngā whakamārama tāpiri (footnotes) me ngā rerenga kōrero marama e taea ai e te kaiwhakamāori te tiaki i te wairua o ēnei kupu matua ina whakawhitia ki te reo Hainamana. Ki te kore e pērātia, ka noho papaku te kōrero, ā, ka ngaro te tuakiri Māori i roto i te tuhinga hou.
Ngā Tikanga me ngā Tohu Āwhina mō te Kaiwhakamāori
Hei whakatutuki i tētahi whakamāoritanga kounga nui, whai i ēnei tohu āwhina:
1. Te Mārama ki te Horopaki me te Whāinga
I mua i te tīmatanga, me matua mārama ko wai te hunga pānui i te reo Hainamana. He Hainamana kei te tuawhenua (Mainland China), he hunga rānei kei Taiwana, kei Hongipua rānei? He rerekē te Hainamana i ēnei wāhi (pērā i te whakamahi i te Hainamana Māmā [Simplified Chinese] me te Hainamana Tuku iho [Traditional Chinese]). Hei tauira, ki te tuhi koe mō tētahi tuhinga mana i Aotearoa e whai ana ki ngā kaipānui i Haina, whakamahia te Hainamana Māmā.
2. Te Whakarite i tētahi Papatohu Kupu (Glossary)
He mea nui te rite o ngā kupu puta noa i te tuhinga. Whakaritea he papatohu kupu mō ngā kupu matua o te ao Māori me o rātou hoa Hainamana kua whakaaetia. Mā tēnei e whakarite te rite me te tohu ki ngā kaipānui he tohunga te kaiwhakamāori. Ko te hanga i tētahi papatohu ka āwhina hoki i ngā mahi a meake nei.
3. Arotahi ki te Hā o te Kōrero, ehea ki te Kupu ki te Kupu
Ko te whakawhiti kupu ki te kupu (literal translation) te hoariri nui o te kaiwhakamāori reo Māori ki te reo Hainamana. I te mea he tino rerekē te hanga o ngā reo e rua, me rapu te kaiwhakamāori i te tikanga o te rerenga katoa, kātahi ka hanga anō i taua rerenga ki te Hainamana kia rere pai ai, kia rangona ai te reka o te Hainamana kāhore e ngaro te hōhonu o te reo Māori.
4. Te Whakatika me te Whakaora Kōrero
Kia oti te whakamāori, me tuku te tuhinga ki tētahi tangata e matatau ana ki te reo Hainamana (he mea nui tonu ko tōna reo tuatahi) me te ao Māori. Mā rātou e pānui te tuhinga Hainamana me te kore e titiro ki te reo Māori, kia kite ai mena he mārama te rere me te arorau o te Hainamana.
He Whakarāpopototanga mō te Angitu
E ngā kaiwhakamāori, ko koutou ngā kaiwhakatūhono i ngā ao e rua. Te ara i waenga i te reo Māori me te reo Hainamana he ara hou, he ara e kī ana i te kōrero me te ako. Mā te mōhio ki ngā rerekētanga wetereo, te whakaute ki ngā tikanga ahurea, me te whai i ngā huarahi whakamāori ngaio, ka wāwāhia ngā papaku o te kuare, ā, ka whakatūria he piriti kaha i waenga i te iwi Māori me te iwi Hainamana. Whakaarohia te hā o te reo, kia rere tonu te mana o te reo Māori ki te ao katoa.