Kuturikirwa kwemashoko nemagwaro kubva paChishona kuenda kuchiArmenia (Armenian) inzira yakaoma asi inokosha zvikuru, inoda kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwezvivakwa zvemitauro yose miviri, tsika dzevanhu vanoitaura, pamwe nekusiyana kwezvinyorwa zvavo. Chishona mutauro weBantu unotaurwa muAfrica, uine zvivakwa zvakatsiga pazvipauro nezvikamu zvemazita, nepo chiArmenia chiri mutauro weIndo-European une nhoroondo yakareba uye unoshandisa arufabheti yawo yakasiyana. Gwara iri rinotsanangura matanho akakosha, matambudziko anowanzoitika, nemazano anobatsira vaturikiri (translators) kuti vaite basa rine unyanzvi hwemhando yepamusoro, vachiona kuti zvinoreva zvakachengetedzeka zvizere pasina kurasikirwa kwechirevo chazvo.
Kusiyana Kwechimiro Nezvivakwa zveMutauro weChishona nechiArmenia
Kuti munhu agone kuturikira zvakanaka kubva paChishona kuenda kuchiArmenia, anofanira kutanga anzwisisa musiyano mukuru uripo pakati pezvivakwa zvezvikamu zvemutauro izvi. Chishona mutauro unotevera chimiro cheSubject-Verb-Object (SVO). Izvi zvinoreva kuti mutsara wega wega unotanga nemuiti, kuchitevera chiito, kozouya kuitirwa. Semuenzaniso: "Mwana anodya sadza." Pano mwana ndiye muiti (Subject), anodya ndicho chiito (Verb), uye sadza ndiko kuitirwa (Object).
Kune rumwe rutivi, chiArmenia mutauro une chimiro cheSubject-Object-Verb (SOV), kunyange zvazvo chimiro ichi chichigona kuchinjika zvichienderana nezviri kusimbiswa mumutsara nekuda kwekuti mutauro uyu une rusununguko rukuru pakurongwa kwemashoko. Pamusoro pazvo, chiArmenia mutauro une mapoka emazita anonzi "cases" (zvinoenderana nekuti zita riri kuita basa rei mumutsara). Pane "cases" dzinoti nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative, instrumental, ne-locative. Izvi zvinoita kuti mashoko echiArmenia achinje magumo awo (suffixes) zvakanyanya kudarika zvinoitika muChishona. Muturikiri anofanira kuva nemaziso akapinza kudzivirira kukanganisa hukama hwemashoko pakubatanidza mitsara yechiArmenia zvinoenderana nezviperengo zvitsva.
Zvikamu zveMazita (Noun Classes) Zvichienzaniswa ne "Cases" dzechiArmenia
Chishona chine zvikamu zvemazita zvinodarika gumi nezvisere (noun classes), izvo zvinotonga mapindurirwo anoitwa zvipauro nezviito mumutsara (concordial agreement). Muturikiriri anofanira kubvisa pfungwa iyi paanosvika kuchiArmenia nekuti chiArmenia hachina zvikamu zvemazita zvakadai zvinoenderana nevanhu kana zvinhu zvakatsaurwa saizvozvi. Pane kudaro, chiArmenia chinoshandisa nzira yematendero (declension paradigms) kutsanangura hukama hwezviito nezvisazitasingwi pamwe nemazita.
Kusiyana uku kunoda kuti muturikiri anzwisise zvakadzama kuti chiito chiri kushanda sei muChishona oziva kuti "case" ipi yechiArmenia inonyatsomirira pfungwa iyoyo. Kuedza kuturikira neshoko nerimwe (word-for-word translation) kunotungamirira mukusagadzira mitsara inonzwika zvakanaka muchiArmenia, izvo zvinoita kuti muverengi aone kuti gwaro iri rakaturikirwa kubva kune mumwe mutauro pane kuti riite serakanyorwa zvakasikwa muchiArmenia nemuridzi wemutauro.
Kusiyana Kwezvinyorwa neMabhii (Scripts and Writing Systems)
Chimwe chipingamupinyi chikuru pakati peChishona nechiArmenia ndiko kushandiswa kwearufabheti yakasiyana zvachose. Chishona chinoshandisa arufabheti yechiLatin iyo inozivikanwa nenyika zhinji pasi rose uye isingatauri zvakaoma pakuverenga. Zvisinei, chiArmenia chinoshandisa arufabheti yakazvimirira yakagadzirwa naMesrop Mashtots mugore ra405 AD. Arufabheti iyi ine mabhii akakosha akasiyana uye anoda hunyanzvi pakunzwisisa manyorero awo.
Pakuturikira mazita emapoka, vanhu, kana nzvimbo (proper nouns) kubva paChishona, muturikiri anofanira kushandisa nzira inonzi "transliteration" (kuchinjwa kwemabhii kuenda pane anorira zvakafanana mumutauro wauri kuenda kwauri). Semuenzaniso, zita rekuti "Zimbabwe" kana kuti "Munashe" rinofanira kunyorwa nemabhii echiArmenia achitevedzera maririro emashoko iwayo muChishona. Izvi zvinoda kuti muturikiri ave neruzivo rwakakwana rwefonetiki (phonetics) yechiArmenia kuitira kuti asarasise maririro ezita racho rekutanga.
Dudziro yeTsika, Dimikira neTsumo (Cultural Nuances and Localization)
Mitauro yose inotakura tsika dzevanhu vanoitaura. Chishona chakapfuma nemadimikira, tsumo, netsika dzevanhu vemuZimbabwe. Semuenzaniso, tsumo yekuti "Mwana washe muranda kumwe" inotakura pfungwa yekuti munhu anoremekedzwa kumba kwake anogona kusaremekedzwa kune imwe nzvimbo yaasiri kuzivikanwa. Kuedza kuturikira tsumo iyi zvakananga kuchiArmenia kuchange kusina musoro kumuverengi wechiArmenia zvachose.
Pano ndipo panouya ruzivo rwekuturikira tsika kana kuti "transcreation". Muturikiri anofanira kutsvaga tsumo yechiArmenia ine pfungwa yakafanana nengano kana tsika dzechiArmenia dzinotsanangura pfungwa imwe chete iyoyo. Kana pasina tsumo yakadaro yakafanana zvakananga, zviri nani kutsanangura zvinoreva tsumo yacho nemashoko ari pachena pane kuita shanduro yemazwi chete. Izvi zvinodzivirira kunyonganisa muverengi uye zvinochengetedza mukurumbira wekunyorwa kwegwaro rako.
Mazano Anobatsira Pakuturikira Kubva paChishona kuenda kuchiArmenia
- Kugadzira duramazwi retsanangudzo (Glossary Creation): Gadzira rondedzero yemashoko anowanzoitika mune rimwe nerimwe rebasa rako kuitira kuti uchengetedze kushandiswa kwemazwi akafanana mukati megwaro rose kubva pakutanga kusvika pakupedzisira.
- Kunzwisisa vavariro yegwaro (Context and Tone): Ziva kuti gwaro rako riri kunyorerwa vateereri vakaita sei. ChiArmenia chine matanho akasiyana ekuremekedza pakutaura (formal vs. informal language register), saka sarudza mashoko anoenderana nechinangwa chebasa rako zvichienderana nevanhu vachariverenga.
- Kushandisa zvishandiso zvetekinoroji nemazvo (CAT Tools): Zvishandiso zverubatsiro rwekuturikira zvinogona kubatsira pakurongeka kwebasa, asi hazvifaniri kutsiva ruzivo rwako semunhu anonzwisisa zvinoreva tsika nemitauro. Nguva dzose ongorora zvakadzama zvese zvabuda pamakombiyuta.
- Kuita ongororo nevanhu vemutauro iwoyo (Native Review): Kana wapedza shanduro yako, zvakakosha kuti upe gwaro racho kune munhu anotaura chiArmenia semutauro waamai (native speaker) kuti aongorore kana richinzwika zvakanaka uye richiyerera zvakasikwa pasina zvimhingamupinyi.
Remangwana reShanduro yeChishona nechiArmenia muChizvino-zvino
Sezvo nyika iri kuramba ichibatana kuburikidza nekutengeserana kwenyika dzakasiyana, dyidzano yetsika dzevanhu, uye kukura kwetekinoroji, kudiwa kwevaturikiri vanogona kubatanidza mitauro yakaita seChishona nechiArmenia kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera zuva nezuva. Kunyange zvazvo mitauro iyi yakaparadzana nenzvimbo nenhoroondo, ruzivo rwakadzama rwevaturikiri runogona kuvaka zambuko rinosimba pakati pevanhu vese vanotaura mitauro iyi. Kushanda nesimba, kudzidza zvakadzama zvimiro zvemitauro iyi, uye kuremekedza mutsauko wetsika ndiyo kiyi yebudiriro mukusimudzira mutsara woga woga unotaurwa kubva muZimbabwe kuenda kumakomo eCaucasus.