Kushandura zvinyorwa kubva kune mumwe mutauro kuenda kune mumwe harisi basa rekuchinja mazwi chete, asi ibasa rakadzama rekuunganidza pfungwa, tsika, nemagariro evanhu vanotaura mitauro iyoyo. Kana tichitarisa kushandurwa kwezvinyorwa kubva kuChiShona, unova mutauro weBantu unotaurwa munyika yeZimbabwe, kuenda kuChiMalayalam, unova mutauro weDravidian unotaurwa zvakanyanya mudunhu reKerala muIndia, tinowana musiyano mukuru kwazvo wezvivakwa zvemitauro nemagariro. Iri gwaro rakagadzirirwa kubatsira vashanduri nenyanzvi dzezvemitauro kuti vanzwisise zvakadzama matanho, zvipingamupinyi, nemazano ekugadzira shanduro yakavimbika uye inonzwisisika zviri nyore.
Musiyano weZvivakwa zveMitauro: ChiShona neChiMalayalam
Kuti munhu akwanise kushandura zvakanaka kubva kuChiShona kuenda kuChiMalayalam, anofanira kutanga anyatsonzwisisa mutsauko mukuru uripo pazvivakwa zvemitauro iyi miviri. ChiShona nemitauro yeBantu yakawanda inoshandisa kurongeka kwemitsara kunotevera nzira yeSubject-Verb-Object (SVO). Izvi zvinoreva kuti mutsara unotanga neanoita chiito, kuchitevera chiito pachacho, ndokuzopedzisa nechinogamuchira chiito. Semuenzaniso, "Mukomana anodya sadza" (Mukomana [S] + anodya [V] + sadza [O]).
Kune rumwe rutivi, ChiMalayalam chinoshandisa kurongeka kwemitsara kweSubject-Object-Verb (SOV). Mutsara unotanga neanoita chiito, kuchitevera chinogamuchira chiito, uye chiito pachacho chichiuya pakupedzisira kwemutsara. Mumutauro weMalayalam, mutsara uri pamusoro unganyorwa kuti: "Mukomana sadza anodya". Kutsauka uku kunoda kuti mushanduri arege kungotora mazwi sezvarikukura muChiShona, asi kuti aende achipidigura kurongeka kwemitsara kuti aenderane nemutemo weChiMalayalam.
Pamusoro pezvo, ChiShona mutauro une mapoka emazita (noun classes) akawanda anoti kurei, uko mazita anorongeka muzvikwata zvakasiyana-siyana (sevanhu, miti, mhuka, nezvimwewo) uye zviito zvinotaridza kuenderana neaya mapoka (concordial agreement). ChiMalayalam hachina mapoka emazita akadai, asi chinoshandisa zvakanyanya madanho ekuwedzera zvikamu kumagumo emazwi (case endings/declensions) kuratidza hukama huri pakati pemazita nezviito mumutsara (semuenzaniso, nominative, accusative, dative, uye locative). Mushanduri anofanira kukwanisa kuona ruzivo runotakurwa nemapoka emazita muChiShona ndokuhushandura achishandisa zviperengo zvezvikamu zvemazita (case suffixes) muChiMalayalam.
Tsinhano yeZviito nekuumbwa kweMazwi
Kushanduka kwezviito ndeimwe nzvimbo inonetsa zvikuru mukushandura pakati pemitauro iyi miviri. MuChiShona, zvivakiso zvenguva (tense markers), vazviri (subject prefixes), nevanonzwa (object infixes) zvinosunganidzwa pamwe chete nechiito chikuru kuita izwi rimwe chete rakareba. Semuenzaniso, izwi rekuti "ndakakuvadzisa" rine zvikamu zvakawanda zvinosanganisira munhu (nda-), nguva (-ka-), anonzwa (-ku-), chiito (-vadz-), nemhedzisiro (-isa).
MuChiMalayalam, zviito zvakare zvine kuumbwa kwakadzama (agglutinative nature), asi zvine musiyano mukuru pane zvimwe zvinhu. Chinhu chinoshamisa muChiMalayalam ndechekuti zviito zvacho hazvitsauki zvichienderana nemunhu ari kuita chiito (person), huwandu hwavo (number), kana kuti mukadzi/murume (gender). Izvi zvakasiyana zvachose neChiShona neimwe mitauro yeBantu apo chiito chinofanira kuratidza kuti aita chiito ndewe boka ripi. Naizvozvo, pakushandura kubva kuChiShona kuenda kuChiMalayalam, ruzivo rwevanhu nehuwandu runofanira kuratidzwa kuburikidza nemazita emanyepo (pronouns) kana mazita chaiwo, nekuti zviito zveMalayalam zvoga hazvigoni kutakura ruzivo urwu.
Kukosha kweTsika, Madimikira neTsumo
Mutauro wega wega wakabatanidzwa zvakadzama netsika dzevanhu vanoutaura. ChiShona chine tsumo nemadimikira akawanda anobva munhoroondo nemagariro evaShona munyika yeZimbabwe. Kushandura tsumo idzi kuenda kuChiMalayalam kunoda unyanzvi hwekusika zvakare (transcreation) pane kungoshandura mazwi zviri pamusoro.
Semuenzaniso, tsumo yeChiShona inoti: "Kugona nhanho yemwana kuona wekutanga". Kana mushanduri akashandura izvi shoko neshoko kuenda kuChiMalayalam, zvinogona kusanzwisisika zvachose nevanhu vekuKerala nekuti tsika nezviratidzo zvavo zvakasiyana. Pane kudaro, mushanduri anofanira kutsvaga tsumo yeChiMalayalam ine chinangwa chimwe chete kana kutsanangura pfungwa iyoyo zvakadzama achishandisa mifananidzo inonzwisisika mutsika dzevaMalayali.
Imwe tsika yakakosha ndeye mashandisirwo ekuremekedza kana kukudza vanhu. MuChiShona, tinoshandisa chiwanda (plural pronouns se "vamwe" kana "imi") kuratidza ruremekedzo kuvabereki kana vakuru. MuChiMalayalam mune mazinga anodarika maviri ekuremekedza zvichienderana neukama uye chinzvimbo chemunhu munzanga. Kushandusa pronoun isina kukodzera muChiMalayalam (semuenzaniso, kushandisa 'nee' panzvimbo ye 'ningal' kana 'addeham') kunogona kuonekwa sekusaremekedza kukuru. Mushanduri anofanira kunyatsoongorora hukama hwevanhu vanotaurwa munyaya yeChiShona kuti asarudze shoko rakakodzera muChiMalayalam.
Matanho eKushandura Akarongeka
Kuti uwane shanduro yemhando yepamusoro, zvinokurudzirwa kutevera matanho aya akarongeka:
- Kunyatsorovera Chinyorwa cheKutanga (Analysis): Verenga chinyorwa cheChiShona kakawanda kuti unzwisise chinangwa chemunyori, inzwi rake, nemamiriro ezvinhu ari kutsanangurwa.
- Kugadzira Rongedzo yeMutsara (Syntactic Restructuring): Pwanya mitsara yeChiShona wozadza pfungwa dzacho murongeka hweSOV hweChiMalayalam.
- Kudzivirira Kushandura Shoko neShoko (Semantic Translation): Tarisa pfungwa huru yemutsara pane kutarisa izwi rega-rega. Izvi zvinobatsira kuti shanduro iyerere zvakanaka muChiMalayalam.
- Kuenderana Kwemashoko eTsika (Cultural Adaptation): Chinja mazwi nemadimikira asina kufanira kuti aenderane netsika dzevanhu vanotaura mutauro waunoshandura kuenda kwauri.
- Kugadzirisa neKuverenga Zvakare (Review & Editing): Mushure mekushandura, chinyorwa chinofanira kuverengwa nenyanzvi inotaura mutauro weChiMalayalam kubva pakuberekwa kuti iongorore kana chichinzwika zvakanaka uye chisina zvikanganiso zvezviperengo.
Mazano anokosha kune Vashanduri
Chekutanga, dzivisa kushandisa michina yekushandura (seGoogle Translate) pasina kuiongorora. Michina mizhinji inotadza kubatanidza mitauro yeBantu neDravidian zvakanaka nekuda kwekushomeka kwezvinyorwa zvekudzidzisa michina iyi pakati pemitauro miviri iyi. Chepiri, chengetedza duramazwi remazwi akafanana uye ramba uchitsvaga ruzivo rutsva pamusoro pezvivakwa zvemitauro yese iri miviri. Chekupedzisira, gara uchirangarira kuti munyori wemutauro unogamuchira (Malayalam reader) anofanira kunzwa sekuti chinyorwa ichi chakatonyorwa muChiMalayalam pakutanga kwete kuti chakabva kune mumwe mutauro.