Ko te whakawhiti reo i waenga i te reo Māori me te reo Tai (Thai) he huarahi e kīia nei he mahi whakawhiti i ngā wairua o ngā hapori e rua. Ahakoa ko te reo Māori nō te kāhui reo o te ao Moana-nui-a-Kiwa (Austronesian), a, ko te reo Tai nō te kāhui reo o Teara-ki-Tonga-Rāwhiti o Āhia (Kra-Dai), e mau tonu ana te tokorua nei ki te taha wairua, ki te whakaute tangata, me te tiaki i ngā tikanga taketake. Mō te kaiwhakawhiti reo, ehara tēnei i te whakawhiti kupu noa iho; he hanga piriti tēnei i waenga i ngā tikanga rerekē e rua, ā, me aro nui ki te wetereo, ki te rerekē o ngā whakapono, me te whakahua i te reo kia tika, kia rerehua.
Ngā Rerekētanga Matua o te Wetereo: Te Ara o te Rerenga Kōrero
Ko te wetereo te tuaiwi o te reo, ā, mō tēnei kaupapa, he rerekē rawa te hanganga o ngā rerenga kōrero i te reo Māori me te reo Tai. Ko te reo Māori he reo VSO (Verb-Subject-Object). Ko te tikanga o tēnei, ka tīmata te nuinga o ngā rerenga kōrero ki te tūmahi, kātahi ka whai ake ko te kaimahi (subject) me te tūao (object). Hei tauira, ki te kī tātou, "E whakatō ana te kaipāmu i te rākau", ko te "whakatō" te tūmahi kei te tīmatanga. Engari, i te reo Tai, he SVO (Subject-Verb-Object) te hanga. Ki te whakawhitia taua kōrero ki te reo Tai, ka tīmata ki te kaipāmu, ka whai ake ko te tūmahi whakatō, kātahi ko te rākau. Ko te kupu Tai mō tēnei ko "ชาวนาปลูกต้นไม้" (Chaw-na pluk ton-mai).
Kāore hoki he pūnaha tohu tūāhua (aspect particles) pēnei i te "e...ana", "kua", "i", "ka" o te reo Māori i roto i te reo Tai. I te reo Tai, ka whakamahia he kupu āwhina (auxiliary verbs) pēnei i te "กำลัง" (kam-lang - e whakaatu ana i te whakahaere tonu o te mahi) me te "แล้ว" (laew - kua oti). Ko te mahi a te kaiwhakawhiti reo he whakarite i te wā me te tūāhua o te kupu kia hāngai ki te horopaki. Ki te hē te whakawhiti i ēnei tohu wā, ka ngaro te mārama me te pono o te tuhinga taketake.
Te Whakawhiti i ngā Ariā Tikanga: Te Mana me te Whakaaro 'Kreng Jai'
Ko tētahi wāhanga whakahirahira o te whakawhiti reo ko te aromātai i ngā kupu tapu me ngā kupu tikanga. I te ao Māori, ko ngā kupu pēnei i te "mana", "tapu", "kaitiakitanga", me te "whanaungatanga" e kore e taea te whakawhiti noa ki tētahi kupu kotahi i te reo Tai. Me whakaputa he whakamāramatanga ā-horopaki e rite ana ki te ao o te iwi Tai.
Hei tauira, ko te kupu "mana" e pā ana ki te mana tangata, mana whenua, me te mana atua. I te reo Tai, ka taea te whakamahi i te kupu "บารมี" (Barami - te mana wairua, te mana atawhai rānei) me te "เกียรติยศ" (Kiat-ti-yot - te hōnore me te rongonui). Engari, me tūpato te kaiwhakawhiti kei hanga he hononga hē ki ngā whakapono tōrangapū, whakapono whakapapa rānei o te ao Tai. Ko te kupu Māori "kaitiakitanga" he tino tata ki te whakaaro "การพิทักษ์รักษาทรัพยากร" (Kar-phi-thak-rak-sa-thrap-pha-ya-kon) i te reo Tai, e pā ana ki te tiaki i ngā taonga o te whenua. Heoi anō, me tāpiri te whakaaro mō te tapu o te taiao kia uru katoa te wairua o te kupu Māori taketake.
I te taha ki te whakaute, he whakaaro nui tō te reo Tai ko te "เกรงใจ" (Kreng-Jai). Ko tēnei ariā e whakaatu ana i te manawanui, te atawhai, me te kore e hiahia ki te whakawhēhua, ki te whakararuraru rānei i tētahi atu tangata. He tino tata tēnei ki ngā whakaaro Māori mō te manaakitanga me te tiaki i te mana o te manuhiri. Mā te mārama ki ēnei ariā tikanga, ka taea e te kaiwhakawhiti te kōwhiri i ngā kupu e whakaute ana i ngā karangatanga o ngā reo e rua.
Pūnaha Tūpou me ngā Rerenga o te Whakaute (Honorifics)
He mea nui te kōwhiri i te kupu tika mō te hunga e kōrero ana. I te reo Māori, he pūnaha tūpou tino mārama tātou e pā ana ki te tokomaha me te whakauru/whakarere i te tangata kōrero (pēnei i te "tāua", "māua", "tātou", "mātou"). Kāore ēnei momo rerekētanga i te reo Tai. Ina whakawhitia te "mātou" ki te reo Tai, ka whakamahia te kupu "พวกเรา" (Phuak-rao), engari me whakamārama mā te horopaki mehemea e whakaurua ana te kaiwhakarongo, kāore rānei.
Ko te reo Tai he reo e whakawhirinaki nui ana ki te "papanga whakaute" (hierarchy and social status). He maha ngā momo kupu mō te "ahau" me te "koe" i runga i te tau o te tangata, te ira tangata, te mana, me te hononga ā-whānau. Hei tauira, mehemea he tāne te kaiwhakawhiti, ka whakamahia te kupu "ผม" (Phom) hei tohu ahau. Mehemea he wāhine, ka whakamahia te "ดิฉัน" (Di-chan) i te reo ōkawa. Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnei, he kupu whakaoti rerenga kōrero pēnei i te "ครับ" (Khrap - mō te tāne) me te "ค่ะ" (Kha - mō te wāhine). Ki te kore ēnei kupu e ata whakaurua i te wā o te whakawhiti reo ki te reo Tai, ka rongo te hunga pānui i te āhua taratara me te kore whakaute. No reira, me matua rapu e te kaiwhakawhiti ko wai ngā kaiwhakarongo me ngā kaiwhakawhiti kōrero matua i roto i te tuhinga taketake.
Ngā Tohutohu Matua mō te Kaiwhakawhiti Reo
Mā ēnei tohu e whai ake nei e tautoko tō mahi whakawhiti reo:
- Mārama ki te Huarahi Pānui: Tirohia ko wai te hunga māna te tuhinga. Mehemea he tuhituhinga mō te iwi whānui, whakamahia te reo Tai ngāwari (Colloquial Thai). Mehemea he tuhituhinga ture, tuhituhinga ōkawa rānei, me whakamahi i ngā kupu nō te reo teitei, reo ariā rānei.
- Tāruatanga o te Oro (Transliteration): Ki te whakawhiti i ngā ingoa Māori (pēnei i te ingoa tangata, ingoa whenua rānei) ki te reo Tai, me ata whiriwhiri i ngā reta Tai e rite ana ki te tangi o te reo Māori. Me mahara kāore he reta 'R' ngohengohe i te reo Tai e rite ana ki te 'R' o te reo Māori (ka rangona he rite ki te 'L' i ētahi wā). Whakamahia te "ร" (Ro-ruea) engari me te tiaki i te whakahua oro.
- Whakaute i te Reo Tonal me te Tohu Tō: He reo tonal te reo Tai, a, ko te reo Māori he reo e roa ana te oro i runga i te tohutō. Ki te kore e whai i ēnei oro, ka rerekē te tikanga o ngā kupu. Ina whakapākehātia, ina whakawhitia rānei ngā kupu ki te Tai, me rapu tētahi hunga matatau ki te reo Tai hei tirotiro i te hāngaitanga o te oro me te tuhi.
- Whakawhiti Wairua: Kaua e whakawhiti kupu noa. Pānuitia katoatia te kōwae kōrero, rapu ai i te hinengaro o te kaituhituhi, kātahi ka whakaputa ai i taua wairua ki te reo Tai mā te whakamahi i te hanganga rerenga e māhorahora ana ki te taringa o te hunga kōrero Tai.
He Kupu Whakamutunga mō te Mahinga
Ko te whakawhiti reo mai i te reo Māori ki te reo Tai he koha nui mō te hononga ahurea o ēnei motu e rua. E whakarangatira ana tēnei mahi i te ara o te mātauranga me te whakaaro nui o ngā iwi taketake o Aotearoa me Tairana (Thailand). Mā te tiaki i te wetereo me te whakaute i ngā wairua o ngā reo e rua, ka tutuki tētahi whakawhitinga reo e kīia nei he tohu rangatira.