Kutanthauzira mawu kapena zolemba kuchokera m'chilankhulo cha Chichewa kupita m'chilankhulo cha Chindonesiya (Bahasa Indonesia) ndi ntchito yomwe ikufunika luso lalikulu komanso chidwi chenicheni. Zilankhulo ziwirizi zikuchokera m'mabanja a zilankhulo osiyana kwambiri; Chichewa ndi chilankhulo cha m'banja la za chi-Bantu chomwe chimalankhulidwa kwambiri ku Malawi, Zambia, ndi Mozambique, pomwe Chindonesiya ndi chilankhulo cha m'banja la chi-Austronesian chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Indonesia komanso m'madera ena a ku Southeast Asia. Kusiyana kumeneku kumabweretsa zovuta zambiri komanso mwayi waphindu kwa otanthauzira omwe akufuna kulumikiza anthu a zikhalidwe ziwirizi.
Kusiyanasiyana kwa Galamala ndi Mapangidwe a Ziganizo
Chimodzi mwazovuta zazikulu pomasulira kuchokera m'Chichewa kupita m'Chindonesiya ndiko kusiyana kwa galamala kapena kapangidwe ka ziganizo. Chichewa ndi chilankhulo chomwe chimadalira kwambiri magulu a mayina (noun classes). Magulu a mayina amenewa amakhudza momwe mawu ena monga maverebu, maulalo, ndi zithandiziri zilankhulo amagwiritsidwira ntchito (concordial agreement). Mwachitsanzo, mawu oti "munthu amayenda" ndi osiyana kapangidwe kake ndi oti "galu amayenda" chifukwa cha magulu a mayina osiyana.
Koma Chindonesiya chilibe magulu a mayina ngati a Chichewa. M'chilankhulo cha Chindonesiya, mayina sasintha chifukwa cha mtundu wa chinthu kapena munthu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mtanthauziri ayenera kukhala osamala kwambiri posintha ziganizo zozama za Chichewa kuti zikhale zosavuta kumva m'Chindonesiya popanda kutaya tanthauzo loyambirira. Chindonesiya chimagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ma-affix (zilembo zowonjezera kumayambiriro kapena kumapeto kwa mawu, monga me-, di-, ber-, ndi -kan) posintha tanthauzo la verebu kapena dzina, zomwe zili zosiyana kwambiri ndi kachitidwe ka Chichewa.
Kamvedwe ka Nthawi ndi Matchulidwe a Maverebu
M'Chichewa, nthawi yomwe chinthu chikuchitika (tense) imawonetsedwa momveka bwino mkati mwa verebu pogwiritsa ntchito zilembo zothandizira monga -na- (nthawi yapita), -dza- (nthawi yakutsogolo), kapena -ku- (nthawi yapano). Mwachitsanzo, "ndinagula" (past tense), "ndikugula" (present continuous), ndi "ndidzagula" (future tense).
M'chilankhulo cha Chindonesiya, maverebu sasintha mawonekedwe awo posonyeza nthawi. Mtanthauziri akamasulira kuchokera m'Chichewa kupita m'Chindonesiya, nthawi amayenera kuyiwonetsa pogwiritsa ntchito mawu owonjezera a nthawi (adverbs of time) monga kemarin (dzulo), sekarang (panopo), kapena besok (mawa), kapena mawu othandizira monga sudah (kale) kapena akan (adzachita). Izi zikutanthauza kuti:
- "Ndinagula buku" m'Chindonesiya amati Saya membeli buku kemarin kapena Saya sudah membeli buku.
- "Ndidzagula buku" amati Saya akan membeli buku.
Mtanthauziri wamphamvu ayenera kuzindikira nthawi yeniyeni yomwe ikutchulidwa m'Chichewa ndikuwonjezera mawu oyenera a nthawi m'Chindonesiya kuti owerenga a ku Indonesia amvetse bwino nkhaniyo popanda kusokonezeka.
Miyambi ndi Kapevedwe ka Chikhalidwe
Kutanthauzira si kusinthana kwa mawu chabe, koma ndiko kumasulira zikhalidwe. Chichewa chili ndi miyambi yambiri komanso kapevedwe ka mawu komwe kadalira kwambiri moyo ndi chilengedwe cha ku Malawi ndi madera ozungulira. Mwachitsanzo, mwambi wakuti "Mwala wogubuduzika suwundana ndere" uli ndi tanthauzo lake la chikhalidwe. Ngati mutamasulira mawu lawu m'Chindonesiya kuti Batu yang menggelinding tidak akan ditumbuhi lumut, owerenga amatha kumva mawuwo koma osazindikira tanthauzo lauzimu limene lilimo chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa malo.
Otanthauzira akatswiri ayenera kufufuza miyambi kapena ziganizo za chikhalidwe m'Chindonesiya zomwe zili ndi tanthauzo lofanana ndi la Chichewa. Mwachitsanzo, m'Chindonesiya muli mwambi wofanana kwambiri womwe umati Batu yang bergulir tidak menetaskan lumut kapena ziganizo zomwe zimalongosola munthu wosakhazikika pamalo amodzi kapena pantchito imodzi.
Malangizo Othandiza Pozindikira ndi Kutanthauzira
Kuti mukwaniritse ntchito yomasulira yabwino kwambiri, tsatirani malangizo awa:
- Zindikirani Nkhani Yake (Context): Osamasulira mawu aliyense payekha. Werengani ndime yonse m'Chichewa kuti mumvetse uthenga wonse musanayambe kulemba m'Chindonesiya.
- Gwiritsani Ntchito Mawu Oyenera a Ulemu: Chilankhulo cha Chindonesiya chimadalira kwambiri ulemu (social register). Onetsetsani kuti mukudziwa ngati mukulankhula ndi anthu akuluakulu (pogwiritsa ntchito Anda kapena Bapak/Ibu) kapena anzanu (pogwiritsa ntchito kamu). Izi zimagwirizana ndi momwe Chichewa chimagwiritsira ntchito "inuyo" m'malo mwa "iwe".
- Fufuzani Mawu Atsopano a Luso (Technical Terms): Nthawi zambiri, zolemba zasayansi kapena zamakono zimakhala ndi mawu amene alibe m'Chichewa kapena ali ndi matanthauzo apadera m'Chindonesiya. Gwiritsani ntchito madikishonare odalirika monga Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) kuti muwonetsetse kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito mawu ovomerezeka.
- Werengani ndi Kukonza (Proofreading): Mukamaliza kumasulira, werenganinso zolemba zanu za Chindonesiya kuti muwonetsetse kuti zikuyenda bwino monga mbadwa ya ku Indonesia imalankhulira (natural flow).
Chidule cha Njira ndi Mapeto a Ntchito
Kutanthauzira pakati pa Chichewa ndi Chindonesiya ndi mlatho wofunika kwambiri polumikiza mayiko a ku Africa ndi ku Asia. Pokhala ndi chidziwitso cha kusiyana kwa galamala, kamvedwe ka nthawi, ndi kapevedwe ka chikhalidwe, otanthauzira amatha kupereka zomasulira zolondola komanso zokondweretsa owerenga. Kudzipereka pakuphunzira zilankhulo ziwirizi ndiko chinsinsi cha kupambana m'ntchito yofunika imeneyi.