Guhindura inyandiko ku buryo bw'umwambararo kuva mu Kinyarwanda ujya mu Gimalite (Maltese) ni umurimo usaba ubumenyi bwimbitse bw'indimi zombi ndetse n'umuco wazo. Ikinyarwanda n'Igimalite ni indimi zikomoka mu miryango y'indimi itandukanye cyane. Ikinyarwanda ni ururimi rwo mu muryango w'indimi z'Ibantu (Bantu languages) rurangwa n'ibyiciro by'amazina n'ubwumvikane bw'uturemajambo (agglutinative grammar), mu gihe Igimalite ari ururimi rwo mu muryango w'Isemitiki (Semitic languages) ariko rwandikwa mu nyuguti z'Ikiriha (Latin script) kandi rukaba rwaravangiwe cyane n'indimi z'Ikigoroma n'Ikigerimani nk'Igitaliyani n'Icyongereza. Iyi nyandiko irasesengura mu buryo burambuye ibyiciro by'ingenzi, imbogamizi n'amayeri yo guhindura neza inyandiko kuva mu Kinyarwanda ujya mu Gimalite.
Imiterere y'Ikibonezamvugo: Aho Ikinyarwanda Gitandukaniye n'Igimalite
Kugira ngo umuhinduzi abashe gukora ubuhinduzi bw'umwimerere kandi bwumvikana neza, agomba clarified imiterere y'ikibonezamvugo y'izi ndimi zombi. Dore zimwe mu mpinduka zikomeye zikunze kugaragara:
1. Ibyiciro by'Amazina (Noun Classes) n'Igitsina cy'Amazina (Grammatical Gender)
Mu Kinyarwanda, amazina abarizwa mu byiciro bitandukanye (noun classes) bishingiye ku nshinga n'inshoberamvugo, aho ibi byiciro bigena n'utugereka tw'ubwumvikane ku binyazina, ibihozo, n'inshinga. Mu Gimalite ho nta byiciro by'amazina nk'ibyo mu Kinyarwanda bihabarizwa. Igimalite gikoresha igitsina cy'amazina (Grammatical Gender): igitsina gabo (masculine) n'igitsina gore (feminine). Iyo uhindura izina ry'Ikinyarwanda urishyira mu Gimalite, ugomba kumenya niba rishyirwa mu gitsina gabo cyangwa igitsina gore, kandi ukabyitondera kuko ibi bigena uko inshinga n'ibiherekeza izina bizaba bimeze mu nteruro y'Igimalite.
2. Imizi y'Amagambo n'Inshinga (Semitic Roots vs Bantu Verb Extensions)
Igimalite gikoresha gahunda y'imizi y'inyuguti eshatu cyangwa nne (triliteral/quadriliteral roots) ifasha mu kurema inshinga n'amazina mashya binyuze mu guhindura amajwi y'imbere mu jambo (apophony). Urugero, umuzi w'inyuguti eshatu "k-t-b" ujyanye no kwandika. Mu Kinyarwanda, kurema amagambo n'inshinga bikorwa hakoreshejwe inyongera z'inshinga (verb extensions/suffixes) nka "-ish-", "-er-", "-an-", n'izindi (nka: kwandika, kwandikisha, kwandikirana). Umuhinduzi agomba gusobanukirwa neza icyo inyongera y'inshinga mu Kinyarwanda isobanura ugira ngo ashake ishinga ihamye mu Gimalite ikoresheje umuzi n'inyuguti bikwiye.
3. Umubare w'Ibibiri (The Dual Number / Id-Dual)
Kimwe mu bintu bitangaje mu Gimalite ni uko gifite umubare w'ibibiri (dual number), ukoreshwa ku bintu bigenda ari bibiri-bibiri nko mu maso, amatwi, amaboko, cyangwa ibihe bimwe na bimwe. Ikinyarwanda cyo gifite ubwinshi n'ubwiza (singular and plural) gusa. Iyo umuhinduzi ahura n'amagambo arimo ibintu bibiri mu Kinyarwanda, agomba gukoresha imiterere y'ibibiri (dual form) mu Gimalite aho gukoresha ubwinshi busanzwe (plural form) kuko aribo buryo busanzwe kandi bwumvikana ku Munyamalita.
Umuco n'Imvugo z'Ishusho: Guhindura Imvugo z'Inshoberamvugo
Ubuhinduzi buhebuje ntabwo ari uguhindura amagambo rimwe ku rindi (word-for-word translation), ahubwo ni uguhindura ubutumwa n'umuco bikubiye mu nyandiko. Ikinyarwanda n'Igimalite bifite amateka n'imico bitandukanye cyane:
- Imvugo z'inshoberamvugo (Idioms): Amagambo nk' "gukubita ibano" cyangwa "kurya umunyu" ntiyashobora guhindurwa mu buryo buziguye kuko mu Gimalite nta busobanuro byaba bifite. Umuhinduzi agomba gushaka imvugo ifite icyo isobanura mu muco w'Abamalita (Maltese culture) ihuje n'ubutumwa bw'umwimerere.
- Amagambo y'iyobokamana n'umuco: Bitewe n'uko Malta ari igihugu gifite amateka akomeye y'Ubukirisitu ndetse n'akarimi gafite inkomoko mu Kiarabu, amagambo menshi akoreshwa mu iyobokamana afite inkomoko y'Isemitiki (nka "Alla" bisobanura Imana). Umuhinduzi agomba kwitonda kugira ngo ashyire amagambo mu ntekerezo zikwiye ku buryo atabangamira imyemerere y'abasomyi b'inyandiko.
- Imiterere y'ibiribwa n'ibidukikije: Ibidukikije n'ibiribwa bya Malta bikomoka mu karere k'Inyanja ya Mediterane (Mediterranean), mu gihe iby'u Rwanda ari ibyo mu karere k'Imisozi Miremire n'Ibinyabuzima byo muri Afurika yo Hagati. Amagambo nka "isombe", "ibitoke", cyangwa "imyumbati" agomba gusobanurwa neza cyangwa agahindurwa hifashishijwe amagambo asanzwe yumvikana mu Gimalite.
Inama Z'Ingenzi ku Bahinduzi b'Ikinyarwanda mu Gimalite
Kugira ngo ukore ubuhinduzi bufite ireme kandi bunoze, dore inama z'inzobere ugomba gukurikiza:
- Koresha Inkoranyamagambo Zikwiye: Kubera ko nta nkoranyamagambo iziguye y'Ikinyarwanda n'Igimalite ihari, inzira nziza ni ugukoresha ururimi rwa gatatu ruyobora (nk'Icyongereza). Hindura kuva mu Kinyarwanda ujya mu Cyongereza, hanyuma uhindure ubutumwa ubugereranya mu Gimalite kugira ngo utagira ibyo utakaza mu busobanuro.
- Itondere Amagambo Akomoka mu Zindi Ndimi (Loanwords): Ururimi rw'Igimalite rwuzuyemo amagambo akomoka mu Gitaliyani n'Icyongereza (loanwords). Iyo uhindura inyandiko z'ubumenyi cyangwa ikoranabuhanga, koresha amagambo y'Igimalite akomoka mu Cyongereza aho gushakisha amagambo ya kinyamajambo yo mu Giarabu atagikoreshwa cyane.
- Kora Isuzuma ry'Ubusobanuro (Back-Translation): Nyuma yo guhindura inyandiko mu Gimalite, gerageza kuyihindura nanone mu Kinyarwanda wibaza niba ubutumwa bw'umwimerere bwarinzwe. Ibi bigufasha kubona amakosa y'indimi no kuyakosora mbere y'uko inyandiko ishyirwa ahagaragara.
- Soma cyane inyandiko z'Igimalite: Umuhinduzi mwiza ni na we musomyi mwiza. Gukurikirana ibinyamakuru, ibitabo n'amakuru byanditswe mu Gimalite bigufasha kumenya uko interuro ziremwa mu buryo bugezweho n'uko amagambo akoreshwa mu buzima bwa buri munsi.
Umusozo w'Ibyiciro By'ingenzi mu Buhinduzi
Ubusanzwe, ubuhinduzi bw'Ikinyarwanda mu Gimalite ni inzira isaba kwihangana, kwitonda, n'ubushakashatsi buhoraho. Binyuze mu gusobanukirwa neza aho indimi zombi zitandukaniye mu kibonezamvugo, mu muco, ndetse no mu buryo bwo kurema amagambo, umuhinduzi arinda umwimerere w'inyandiko kandi agasangiza ubutumwa abasomyi ku buryo bworoshye. Gukurikiza inama n'amayeri twasesenguye haruguru bizagufasha gukora ubuhinduzi bw'umwimerere kandi bufite ireme ryo mu rwego rwo hejuru cyane.