Ko te whakawhiti reo mai i te reo Māori ki te reo Whitināmu (Tiếng Việt) he mahi whakaharahara e tono ana i te maramatanga hōhonu ki ngā ao ahurea e rua o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa me te Tonga-ki-Rāwhiti o Āhia. Ahakoa kei tawhiti noa atu ngā whenua e rua i te mata o te whenua, he hōhonu te hononga o te kupu ki te tuakiri me te wairua o ngā iwi. Ko te hangarau me te ao hurihuri kua tuwhera i ngā kuaha hou mō te whakawhiti kōrero i waenga i ēnei iwi e rua, heoi, ko te mahi a te kaimahi whakawhiti reo he nui atu i te huri kupu noa. He haerenga mō te wairua, te ahurea, me te rapu i te ara e tika ana hei pupuri i te mauri o ia kōrero mai i te tīmatanga ki te otinga.
Te Whakataki i ngā Pou Reo e Rua: Te Whakapapa me te Hanga
Ahakoa he hononga a-taiao tō tēnā, tō tēnā o ēnei reo ki ō rātou whenua ake, he rerekē rawa te whakapapa o ō rātou reo. Ko te reo Māori he reo nō te whānau Poronihia (Austronesian), i te mea ko te reo Whitināmu nō te whānau Austroasiatic. Ko tēnei rerekētanga ka whakatakoto i tētahi wero nui mō te wetewete kōrero. I te mea he reo tūhono ki te raupapa kōrero me ngā kupu taapiri (particles) te reo Māori, ko te reo Whitināmu he reo aotahi (isolating language) e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tūranga o te kupu me ngā tohu oro hei whakatau i te tikanga. Ki te kore te kaiwhakawhiti reo e mārama ki ēnei momo tuakiri wetereo, ka hē te tukunga o te kōrero.
“Ko te whakawhiti reo kāore i te mea he whakawhiti kupu noa iho, engari he whakawhiti i te mauri o tētahi iwi ki tētahi atu e mārama ai te ao.”
Te Wetewete i te Hanganga Wetereo: Mai i te VSO ki te SVO
Ko tētahi o ngā tino rerekētanga i waenga i ngā reo e rua ko te hanganga o te rerenga kōrero. I te reo Māori, ka whai tatou i te wetereo Verb-Subject-Object (VSO). Ko te tūmahi te pou mua o te kōrero, whai muri ai ko te kaitātai me te whāinga. Hei tauira, ki te kī tatou: 'Kei te kōrero te tohunga ki te manuhiri', ka tīmata i te tūmahi 'kōrero', whai muri ko te tohunga, kātahi ko te manuhiri.
Heoi, i te reo Whitināmu, he rerekē rawa te huarahi. Ko tō rātou hanganga wetereo ko te Subject-Verb-Object (SVO). Ina whakawhitihia taua rerenga Māori i runga ake nei ki te reo Whitināmu, ka huri te raupapa kupu ki te: 'Nhà thông thái đang nói chuyện với khách' (Ko te tohunga kei te kōrero ki te manuhiri). Ki te ngana te tangata ki te whakawhiti kupu-ki-te-kupu me te kore e whakarerekē i te hanganga nei, ka puta he rerenga kōrero kāore he arorau e kitea ana ki te kaiwhakamahi reo Whitināmu. No reira, me matua wetewete te kaiwhakawhiti i te rerenga Māori ki ngā wāhanga nunui, kātahi ka hanga hou i te rerenga ki te wetereo Whitināmu kia rere pai ai te whakaaro.
Te Mana o te Tohutō me te Reo Orooro (Tonal Complexity)
He mea nui te aro ki ngā tohu reo o ngā reo e rua nei kia kore ai e puta he pohehe nui. I te reo Māori, he mana nui tō te tohutō (macron). Ko te kore e whakamahi i te tohutō ka whakarerekē i te tikanga o te kupu. Hei tauira, he rerekē te 'keke' (cake) ki te 'kēkē' (armpit) rānei ko te 'kekē' (screech). Ko te tangata e pā ana ki ngā mahi whakawhiti me matua whakarite he tohutō ki runga i ngā oro roa.
I te reo Whitināmu, he nui rawa atu tēnei wero. He reo orooro (tonal language) tēnei me ngā tohu reo kōrero e ono. Ko te rerekē o te hā o te reo ka whakamārama i tētahi kupu hou e rerekē rawa ana tōna tikanga. Hei tauira, ko te kupu 'ma' ka taea te whakarerekē ki te:
- ma (kēhua)
- má (kōkā)
- mà (engari)
- mả (urupā)
- mã (waehere / hoiho)
- mạ (tinaku / te heitara taitamariki)
Te Whakawhiti i ngā Ahurea: Te Mana, te Tapu, me te Whakaute
Ko te reo te whakaata o te ahurea, ā, he uaua te kimi kupu taurite mō ngā ariā hōhonu o tō tatou ao Māori. Ko ngā kupu pērā i te 'mana', 'tapu', 'mauri', 'manaakitanga', me te 'tino rangatiratanga' kāhore he kupu kotahi i te reo Whitināmu hei tohu i tō rātou ngako katoa. Hei tauira, mēnā ka toro atu ki te kupu 'manaakitanga', me whakamahi i ngā kupu Whitināmu maha pēnei i te 'lòng hiếu khách' (te ngākau manaaki) me te 'sự tôn trọng' (te whakaute) hei hopu i te wairua taketake.
Waihoki, ko te reo Whitināmu he reo e whakawhirinaki nui ana ki te hononga o te tangata ki te tangata (honorifics and kinship pronouns). Kāhore he kupu kotahi pēnei i te 'koe' (you) rānei ko te 'au' (I) e wātea ana mō ngā horopaki katoa. I te reo Whitināmu, me kōwhiri te kaiwhakawhiti i te kupu tika mō te tangata i runga i te tau me te mana o te tangata. Hei tauira:
- anh (mō te tuakana tāne)
- chị (mō te tuakana wāhine)
- em (mō te teina)
- bác / cô / chú (mō te matua, te kōkā, te rangatira rānei i runga i tōna tau)
He Tohutohu Matua mō te Kaiwhakawhiti Reo Angitu
Hei whakahaere i tētahi whakawhiti reo e whai mana ana, tēnei ngā tohutohu matua mō ngā kaiwhakamāori me ngā kaiwhakawhiti reo katoa:
- Kaua e whakawhiti kupu-ki-te-kupu: Whakarongo ki te horopaki, arotahi ki te matua o te kōrero, kātahi ka kimihia te whakahuatanga tika i roto i te reo ūnga.
- Aro nui ki ngā tohu oro me te tohutō: Kia mahara he mana nui tō ngā tohu oro o te reo Whitināmu me te tohutō o te reo Māori. He tapu ia kupu.
- Rapua ngā kupu taurite ahurea: Ki te tūkerekere tētahi whakataukī Māori, kaua e whakawhiti pēnei tonu. Rapua he whakataukī Whitināmu e mau ana i te whakaaro kotahi.
- Mārama ki te hunga pānui: Whakatauhia ngā kupu whakaute (xưng hô) e tika ana mō te hunga ka pānui i te kōrero Whitināmu.
- Whakawhirinaki ki ngā arotakenga rua: Whakapā atu ki tētahi kaimahi wetereo taketake nō Whitināmu hei whakamana i te auahatanga me te rere o te reo.
Te Hono i ngā Waka e Rua mō te Anamata
Ko te whakawhiti reo he hononga ahurea pakari e hono ana i a Aotearoa ki a Whitināmu. He nui ngā mea e rite ana i waenga i ngā ahurea e rua, pērā i te whakaute ki te whānau, te aroha ki te whenua, me te maharatanga ki ngā tūpuna. Mā te whakamahi i ngā ture wetereo tika, te aro ki ngā nuances o ngā tohu reo, me te pupuri i te whakaute ki ngā hononga tangata, ka puta he mahi whakawhiti reo e whai mana ana, e pakari ana hoki. Ko tēnei huarahi ka tuwhera i ngā kuaha hou mō te māramatanga me te kotahitanga o ngā iwi i te ao kei te heke mai.