Guhindura inyandiko cyangwa imvugo kuva mu rurimi rw'Ikinyarwanda ujya mu Kimarathi (Marathi) ni inzira isaba ubuhanga buhanitse n'imyumvire yagutse y'imikorere y'izi ndimi zombi. Ikinyarwanda, ururimi rw'igihugu rw'u Rwanda ruri mu muryango w'indimi z'Abantu (Bantu), gifite imiterere yihariye ishingiye ku ntera n'uturemajambo twomekwa ku nshinga (agglutinative structure). Ku rundi ruhande, Ikimarathi, ururimi rwemewe mu gihugu cy'Ubuhinde cyane cyane mu Leta ya Maharashtra, ruri mu muryango w'indimi z'Ama-Indo-Arayani (Indo-Aryan), kandi gikoresha inyandiko y'inyuguti za Devanagari hamwe n'imiterere y'interuro yihariye. Ubu buhinduzi buhura n'imbogamizi z'imiterere y'ikibonezamvugo, inyito z'umuco, hamwe n'uburyo bwo kumvikanisha ubutumwa nta gukuraho umwimerere w'inyandiko y'inkomoko.
1. Itandukanyirizo ry'Imiterere y'Interuro n'Ikibonezamvugo (Word Order & Syntax)
Imwe mu mbogamizi zikomeye mu guhindura Ikinyarwanda mu Kimarathi ni isano iri hagati y'imiterere y'interuro y'izi ndimi zombi. Ikinyarwanda gikurikiza gahunda y'interuro ya SVO (Subject-Verb-Object), aho umukoresha w'igikorwa abanziriza inshinga, inshinga na yo ikabanziriza ugerwaho n'igikorwa. Mu Kinyarwanda, interuro isanzwe yubakwa itya: "Umwana (Nyamwanditsi/Subject) ari gusoma (Nshinga/Verb) igitabo (Nyamwuzuzwa/Object)".
Ku rundi ruhande, Ikimarathi gikurikiza gahunda ya SOV (Subject-Object-Verb). Muri uru rurimi, inshinga buri gihe ishyirwa ku musozo w'interuro. Niba uhindura ya nteruro yo haruguru mu Kimarathi, izaba ifite imiterere imera nka: "Umwana (Subject) igitabo (Object) ari gusoma (Verb)". Mu Kimarathi byandikwa nka "mulga (umuhungu) pustak (igitabo) vacat ahe (ari gusoma)". Iri hinduka ry'imiterere risaba umuhinduzi kwitonda cyane kugira ngo adasubiramo amagambo uko yakabaye (word-for-word translation), kuko byateza urujijo n'amakosa mu kibonezamvugo cy'Ikimarathi.
2. Uturemajambo n'Isanisha ry'Inshinga (Morphology & Verb Conjugation)
Ikinyarwanda n'Ikimarathi byombi ni ndimi zikoresha isano y'uturemajambo twomekwa ku nshinga (agglutinative n'inflected), ariko mu buryo butandukanye. Mu Kinyarwanda, inshinga ikorwaho n'amategeko menshi aho indangashinga, indangangano, n'utunyarutse tw'ibihe byomekwa ku giceri cy'inshinga. Urugero, ijambo "ndakugenera" ririmo "n-" (nyamwanditsi), "-ra-" (igihe), "-ku-" (inyongerashinga y'ugerwaho), n'igiceri cy'inshinga "-genera".
Mu Kimarathi, na ho habaho guhuza inshinga n'igitsina cy'umukora-gikorwa (Gender), umubare (Number), ndetse n'urwego rw'icyubahiro (Honorifics). Ibi bivuze ko inshinga ihinduka bitewe n'uko uwo bavuga ari umugabo, umugore, cyangwa ikintu kidasanzwe. Umuhinduzi agomba kumenya neza igitsina n'umubare w'abavugwa mu nyandiko y'Ikinyarwanda kugira ngo abishyire mu nshinga y'Ikimarathi mu buryo bukwiye, kuko Ikinyarwanda kidasanisha inshinga hashingiwe ku gitsina cy'abantu (nta gitsina cy'ikibonezamvugo kigendana n'inshinga mu Kinyarwanda).
3. Guhuza Icyubahiro n'Imvugo Zikwiye (Honorifics & Social Register)
Umuco w'Abanyarwanda n'umuco w'Abamarashtra (Maharashtra) yombi iha agaciro gakomeye icyubahiro n'urwego rw'imibanire mu muryango. Mu Kinyarwanda, icyubahiro cyerekanwa binyuze mu gukoresha ijambo "mwebwe", "namwe", cyangwa guhindura inshinga ikajya mu bwinshi (urugero: "Muraho" aho kuba "Uraho", cyangwa "Mwaramutse").
Mu Kimarathi, ikigero cy'icyubahiro kiragutse cyane. Ururimi rwifashisha uturemajambo n'inshinga zihariye (Aadarthi) iyo bavuga umuntu mukuru cyangwa ubaciriye icyubahiro. Urugero, mu kigero gisanzwe bakoresha "tu" (wowe), ariko mu cyubahiro bagakoresha "tumhi" cyangwa "aapna". Inshinga zose zikoreshwa muri icyo gice zigomba guhinduka kugira ngo zerekane icyo cyubahiro. Umuhinduzi agomba gusobanukirwa neza umubano uri hagati y'abavugwa mu nyandiko y'Ikinyarwanda (niba ari umubyeyi n'umwana, umuyobozi n'umukozi) kugira ngo ahitemo amagambo n'inshinga bikwiye mu Kimarathi.
4. Guhuza Inyito z'Umuco n'Imigani (Cultural Transcreation & Idioms)
Kimwe mu bintu bigoye cyane mu buhinduzi ni ugutsimbataza inyito z'umuco. Ikinyarwanda kirimo imigani, insigamigani, n'imvugo z'ikigereranyo zishingiye ku buhinzi, ubworozi (cyane cyane inka), n'amateka y'u Rwanda. Urugero, imvugo nka "kugaba inka", "gukura ubwatsi", cyangwa "guca mu ryhumye" zifite ibisobanuro byimbitse mu muco w'u Rwanda ariko zidashobora guhindurwa mu buryo bw'ijambo ku rindi (literal translation).
Mu Kimarathi, na ho hari imvugo n'imigani ishingiye ku mateka yabo, ubuhinzi bw'umuceri, cyangwa imigenzo yabo. Aho guhindura ijambo ku rindi, umuhinduzi agomba gukoresha uburyo bwo guhuza ubutumwa n'umuco (transcreation). Umuhinduzi agomba gushaka imvugo ihwanye n'iy'Ikinyarwanda mu buryo bw'ubusobanuro n'amarangamutima mu Kimarathi. Urugero, gushaka umugani w'Ikimarathi ufite inyigisho nk'iy'umugani w'Ikinyarwanda wakoreshejwe mu nyandiko y'inkomoko.
5. Inama Z'ingirakamaro ku Bahinduzi b'Ikinyarwanda n'Ikimarathi
- Gusoma no Gusobanukirwa Icyerekezo cy'Inyandiko: Mbere yo gutangira guhindura, banza usome inyandiko yose y'Ikinyarwanda kugira ngo umenye intego yayo, umuryango ugenewe, n'ijwi ryayo (tone).
- Kwirinda Guhindura Ijambo ku rindi: Banza wumve igitekerezo rusange cy'interuro mu Kinyarwanda, hanyuma ucyandike mu Kimarathi ukurikije amategeko y'interuro y'icyo Kimarathi (SOV).
- Gukoresha Inkoranyamagambo n'Ibyombo by'Ikoranabuhanga: Reremba inkoranyamagambo z'indimi zombi, ariko ube maso ku buryo ibikoresho by'ubuhinduzi bwikora (nka Google Translate) bishobora kwibeshya ku ndimi zidafite amakuru ahagije ku mbuga za internet (under-resourced languages) nk'Ikinyarwanda n'Ikimarathi.
- Kugenzura inyandiko n'umwenyegihugu (Native Speaker Review): Niba bishoboka, nyuma yo guhindura inyandiko mu Kimarathi, yisomere umuntu uvuga Ikimarathi nk'ururimi rwe rw'amavuko kugira ngo yemeze ko yumvikana neza kandi ko nta makosa y'ikibonezamvugo arimo.
Mu gusoza, guhindura kuva mu Kinyarwanda ujya mu Kimarathi bisaba kwitwararika no kubahiriza amategeko y'ururimi n'umuco. Iyo bikozwe neza, bifasha mu guhuza imiryango n'imico itandukanye, bikoroshya urujya n'uruza rw'amakuru n'ubumenyi hagati y'Afurika y'Iburasirazuba n'Ubuhinde.