Guhindura inyandiko ku buryo buziguye kuva mu Kinyarwanda ujya mu Kiburumaniya (Ururimi rw'i Myanmar) ni igikorwa gisaba ubumenyi bwimbitse bw'imiterere y'indimi zombi, kuko zikomoka mu miryango y'indimi itandukanye cyane. Ikinyarwanda ni ururimi rwo mu muryango w'indimi z'Abantu, aho imyubakire y'interuro ishingiye ku muco wa Nyamukuru-Inshinga-Nyamwuzwa (Subject-Verb-Object / SVO). Mu Kinyarwanda, nyamukuru ibanza mu nteruro, igakurikirwa n'inshinga, hanyuma nyamwuzwa ikaza mu gice cya nyuma. Urugero rugira ruti: "Umwana ari kurya umutsima." Aho "Umwana" ari Nyamukuru, "ari kurya" ikaba Inshinga, naho "umutsima" akaba Nyamwuzwa. Iyi miterere ni yo itanga umusingi w'imyandikire y'indimi hafi ya zose zo muri Afurika yo munsi y'ubutayu bwa Sahara.
Ku rundi ruhande, Ikiburumaniya ni ururimi rwo mu muryango wa Sino-Tibetan, rukaba rukoresha imiterere ya Nyamukuru-Nyamwuzwa-Inshinga (Subject-Object-Verb / SOV). Ibi bivuze ko nyamwuzwa iza mbere y'inshinga, maze inshinga igasoza interuro yose. Mu guhindura, umusemyi agomba gusenya burundu imiterere y'interuro y'Ikinyarwanda maze akayubaka bushingiye ku mategeko y'Ikiburumaniya. Urugero rwo hejuru, mu Kiburumaniya ruhinduka "Umwana umutsima ari kurya". Iyo umusemyi akoresheje imiterere y'Ikinyarwanda akayishyira mu Kiburumaniya nk'uko yakabaye, interuro iba itemewe kandi idafite icyo isobanura na gake mu matwi y'Ababuruma. Iri hinduranya ry'inyandiko risaba imyitozo ihambaye kuko rihindura burundu uburyo ubwonko butegura igitekerezo.
Ibyiciro by'Amazina mu Kinyarwanda n'Ibyiciro by'Imibare mu Kiburumaniya
Mu Kinyarwanda, amazina yose abarizwa mu byiciro by'amazina (noun classes) bigera kuri 16, aho buri zina rigenerwa ururemajambo-kinyambanziriza rikagena n'uburyo bwo guhuza amajwi n'amategeko y'inyongerabyereko (agreements) mu nshinga n'inshumbuzi. Ibi bituma ururimi rugira uburyo buhambaye kandi busobanutse bwo guhuza amagambo mu nteruro bitewe n'icyiciro izina ririmo. Mu Kiburumaniya, nta byiciro by'amazina nk'utwo mu Kinyarwanda twigera tuhaba. Nta gitsina cy'amazina cyangwa ubwumvikane bw'indimi bushingiye ku nteruro buhari mu buryo buziguye nk'ubw'Ikinyarwanda.
Ariko rero, Ikiburumaniya gifite ikintu gikomeye kandi cyihariye cyitwa amagambo aranga ibyiciro by'imibare (numerical classifiers). Iyo ubarura ibintu mu Kiburumaniya, ntushobora kuvuga ngo "abantu babiri" cyangwa "intebe ebyiri" gusa ubinyujije mu kubabaza umubare ku zina nk'uko bikorwa mu Kinyarwanda. Ugomba gukoresha ijambo ryihariye ryerakana icyiciro icyo kintu kirimo hashingiye ku miterere yacyo, akamaro kacyo, cyangwa icyubahiro cyacyo mu muryango. Urugero, ku bantu ukoresha ijambo riranga abantu, ku bintu birambuye cyangwa ibibumbano ukoresha irindi, ku nyamaswa cyangwa ibikoresho ukoresha ibindi bimenyetso. Umusemyi agomba kwitonda cyane kuko guhindura umubare w'ibintu bidahinduka nk'ijambo ku rindi, ahubwo bisaba gushaka Classifier ikwiriye mu Kiburumaniya kugira ngo inyandiko yumvikane neza nk'iyanditswe n'umwenegihugu ubivuga buri munsi.
Inshinga n'Ibihe: Akajagari k'Uturemajambo n'Amagambo Nyongeramikoreshereze
Ikinyarwanda kizwiho kugira inshinga zihambaye cyane zikoresha uturemajambo (affixes) twinshi twomekwa ku nshinga (prefixes, infixes, suffixes) kugira ngo tugaragaze icyifuzo, igihe (ahashize, ahazaza, ubu), n'abakora icyo gikorwa. Inshinga imwe y'Ikinyarwanda irashobora kuba igizwe n'amagambo menshi ahujwe akaba interuro yose yuzuye. Urugero: "Ntitwakumusangiyeyo" ikubiyemo uburyo bwo guhakana, abakora n'abakorerwa igikorwa, icyerekezo cy'ahantu, n'igihe runaka byose bikusanyirije mu nshinga imwe.
Mu Kiburumaniya, inshinga ntizihindura imiterere yazo hashingiye ku bihe cyangwa ku bakozi b'igikorwa nk'uko bimeze mu Kinyarwanda. Ahubwo, amakuru yerekeye igihe (tense), icyerekezo cy'inshinga (aspect), n'uburyo bw'inshinga (mood) atangwa hifashishijwe amagambo mato yomekwa inyuma y'inshinga (particles). Izi "verb particles" ni zo zifite uruhare rukomeye mu guha inshinga ishingiro ry'igihe n'uburyo igikorwa cyakozwemo. Umusemyi agomba kumva neza akamaro k'ibihe mu Kinyarwanda hanyuma agashaka inyongerambuzi (particles) zikwiriye mu Kiburumaniya kugira ngo atange ubutumwa budafite amakosa y'igihe cyangwa icyerekezo cy'igikorwa kuko kwibeshya kuri uduce tw'amagambo bishobora guhindura burundu igihe igikorwa cyabereye.
Imyitwarire n'Ubwubahane mu Mvugo (Honorifics and Social Registers)
Umuco w'Abanyarwanda wubakiye ku bwubahane, ariko mu Kinyarwanda uburyo bwo kubaha cyane bugenda bugaragarira mu gukoresha amagambo amwe na bamwe yihariye (nk'imvugo y'icyubahiro ikoreshwa ku bayobozi cyangwa abasaza) cyangwa ugakoresha ubwinshi bw'icyubahiro (Urugero: "Mwaramutse" aho kuvuga "Waramutse" cyangwa "Mwebwe" aho kuvuga "Wowe"). Imikoreshereze y'ibi ikunze kwibanda ku nshinga n'imy pronouns ariko mu rugero ruringaniye.
Mu Kiburumaniya, imyitwarire y'icyubahiro (honorifics) iri ku rwego rwo hejuru cyane kandi ihambaye. Ururimi rufite imvugo n'amagambo yihariye akoreshwa hashingiye ku rwego rw'umuryango, imyaka, idini (cyane cyane abihaye Imana b'Ababuda), n'inzego z'ubuyobozi. Hariho imyitwaririre y'indimi zitandukanye zo kwerekeza ku muntu cyangwa kwivugaho bitewe n'uwo murimo kuvugana. Niba umusemyi ahinduye inyandiko y'Ikinyarwanda ivuga ku rwego rw'icyubahiro batitaye kuri izi nuances mu Kiburumaniya, inyandiko irashobora kugaragara nka ntiyiyubashye cyangwa isuzugura abasomyi. Ibi bisaba ubushishozi buhambaye n'ubumenyi bw'umuco w'i Myanmar aho imvugo igomba guhuza n'akarere n'urwego rw'uwo ubwira.
Itandukaniro ry'Imyandikire: Inyuguti z'Ikilatini n'Imyandikire y'Ikiburumaniya
Ikinyarwanda gikoresha inyuguti z'ikilatini (Latin alphabet) ndetse n'amategerezo asanzwe y'imyandikire y'indimi z'Iburengerazuba, nubwo gifite amajwi yihariye amwe na bamwe y'ibinyamaywi nka "tse", "shya", "pfu". Nta ntonation zigaragara mu myandikire isanzwe n'ubwo Ikinyarwanda ari ururimi rufite amajwi (tonal language) ahabwa intege zitandukanye mu mvugo kugira ngo bitandukanye ibyanditse bimwe ariko bifite ibisobanuro bitandukanye.
Ikiburumaniya cyo gikoresha inyandiko yacyo yihariye (Burmese script), igizwe n'inyuguti z'uruziga (rounded letters) zikomoka mu nyandiko ya Brahmi. Iyi nyandiko ikoresha ibimenyetso by'amajwi (diacritics) bishyirwa hejuru, munsi, imbere cyangwa inyuma y'inyuguti kugira ngo bigaragaze inyajwi n'amajwi y'indimi (tones). Kubera ko ari ururimi rufite amajwi atatu y'ibanze kandi afite akamaro kanini mu guhindura icyo ijambo risobanura, umusemyi agomba kuba afite ubumenyi buhagije bw'ubwo buryo bw'imyandikire n'itandukaniro ry'amajwi. Kurenga ku mategeko y'imyandikire y'Ikiburumaniya bituma ijambo rihindura icyo risobanura burundu bityo bikaba byateza ikibazo gikomeye mu kumvikanisha ubutumwa.
Gukoresha Ururimi rw'Igisobanuro (Pivot Language) n'Inama ku Basemyi
Kubera ko nta nkoranyamagambo zikomeye cyangwa ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bifasha guhindura mu buryo buziguye kuva mu Kinyarwanda kugeza mu Kiburumaniya, abasemyi benshi bifashisha ururimi rw'igice (pivot language) nk'Icyongereza cyangwa Igifaransa. Ibi bituma habaho ibyago byo gutakaza bimwe mu bisobanuro cyangwa imyumvire y'umwimerere (loss of nuances) kuko inyandiko igomba gukora ingendo ebyiri mu ndimi zitandukanye mbere yo kugera ku musozo.
Kugira ngo uyu mushinga ugende neza kandi utange umusaruro mwiza, dore inama z'ingenzi z'abasemyi:
- Soma ubanza usobanukirwe inyandiko y'umwimerere: Ntugahindure ijambo ku rindi. Banze usobanukirwe igitekerezo n'intego y'inyandiko y'Ikinyarwanda mbere yo gutangira kuyishyira mu rurimi rwa kabiri.
- Manya uwo inyandiko igenewe (Target Audience): Hitamo urwego rw'icyubahiro n'imvugo ikwiriye mu Kiburumaniya bitewe n'abazayisoma kugira ngo ubutumwa bugere ku ntego.
- Koresha abasomyi b'abanyamahanga (Native Proofreaders): Buri gihe nyuma yo guhindura, shaka umusemyi w'umubirumaniya w'inzobere kugira ngo asuzume niba inyandiko isomeka neza kandi mu buryo bw'umwimerere mu rurimi rwe.
- Genzura imikoreshereze y'ibimenyetso (Punctuation and Formatting): Imyandikire y'Ikiburumaniya ikoresha ibimenyetso byayo byihariye byo gusoza interuro (nka "။" na "၊"), bityo umusemyi agomba kubyitwararika hejuru yo gukoresha utudomo n'utuvuri tw'ikilatini aho bidakwiye.