Kumasulira pakati pa zilankhulo za m'mabanja osiyana kwambiri kumafuna chidziwitso chozama chotsegula malire a zilankhulo ndi zikhalidwe. Chichewa, chomwe ndi chilankhulo cha m'banja la Bantu chopezeka ku Southern ndi East Africa, ndi Chihungarian (Hungarian kapena Magyar), chilankhulo cha m'banja la Finno-Ugric chomwe chimalankhulidwa ku Central Europe, zili ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwambiri. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza zovuta zazikulu, njira, ndi malangizo othandiza kwa akatswiri omasulira omwe akufuna kumasulira zolemba kuchoka m'chilankhulo cha Chichewa kupita m'chilankhulo cha Chihungarian.
Kusiyana kwa Mapangidwe a Zilankhulo: Bantu ndi Finno-Ugric
Kuti womasulira athe kugwira bwino ntchito yake, choyamba ayenera kumvetsetsa momwe zilankhulizi zilili zosiyana pamapangidwe awo. Chichewa ndi chilankhulo chomwe chimadalira kwambiri magulu a maina (noun classes) komanso matchulidwe ogwirizana (concordial agreement). Kumbali ina, Chihungarian ndi chilankhulo chomwe chilibe magulu a maina kapena kusiyanitsa kwa jenda (wamwamuna kapena wamkazi), koma chimadalira kwambiri matchulidwe omwe amatchedwa "agglutination" kudzera mwa kuwonjezera ma suffix ochuluka pamizu ya mawu.
1. Milandu ya Maina (Noun Cases) mu Chihungarian
Chimodzi mwazinthu zovuta kwambiri mukamasulira Chichewa kupita ku Chihungarian ndi kasamalidwe ka milandu ya maina (cases). M'chilankhulo cha Chihungarian, muli milandu ya maina pafupifupi 18 kapena kupitirira apo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mawu omwe amafotokoza za malo, nthawi, kapena momwe chinthu chikuchitikira amapangidwa powonjezera mapeto a mawu (suffixes) osiyana m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito ziziwiro kapena mawu am'mbali (prepositions) monga momwe zilili mu Chichewa. Mwachitsanzo, mu Chichewa timati "m'nyumba", koma mu Chihungarian amati "a házban" (kutanthauza "nyumba-mwa"). Womasulira ayenera kudziwa bwino suffix yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito potengera tanthauzo la Chichewa.
2. Mgwirizano wa Mavawelo (Vowel Harmony)
Chihungarian chimatsatira lamulo lokhwima la mgwirizano wa mavawelo. Mavawelo amagawidwa m'magulu awiri: mavawelo a kuseri (back vowels: a, o, u) ndi mavawelo a kutsogolo (front vowels: e, i, ö, ü). Mukawonjezera suffix pamyuziwu, mawuwo ayenera kugwirizana ndi mtundu wa mavawelo omwe ali muzu wa mawuwo. Mu Chichewa, lamuloli kulibe, chifukwa chake womasulira ayenera kukhala tcheru kwambiri pomasulira mawu atsopano kuti asaphwanye lamulo limeneli, lomwe lingapangitse kuti chiganizo chizimveka chachilendo kwa mbadwa za ku Hungary.
3. Kusiyanitsa pa Kumasulira Mavere (Definite vs. Indefinite Conjugation)
Chinthu china chodabwitsa mu Chihungarian ndichoti mavere (verbs) amasinthidwa kutengera ngati chinthu chomwe chikuchitikira (direct object) chili chodziwika bwino (definite) kapena chosadziwika bwino (indefinite). Mu Chichewa, timagwiritsa ntchito ziziwiro za mayina (object markers) mkati mwa vere, monga "ndikuchidziwa" (pomwe 'chi' ikuyimira chinthucho). Womasulira ayenera kusankha conjugation yoyenera mu Chihungarian potengera momwe chinthucho chafotokozedwera mu Chichewa.
Zovuta za Chikhalidwe ndi Kutanthauzira Kwake
Kumasulira sikutanthauza kungosinthasintha mawu a mu dikishonare; kumafunanso kumasulira chikhalidwe. Chichewa ndi chilankhulo chomwe chili ndi chikhalidwe cholemera cha anthu a ku Malawi ndi madera oyandikana nawo, pomwe Chihungarian chimasulira chikhalidwe cha ku Europe komwe kuli mbiri yosiyana kwambiri. Pano pali njira zodutsa zovutazi:
- Miyambi ndi Mafotokozedwe a M'mawu: Miyambi ya Chichewa monga "Mwana wa masiye samalira akamva msuzi" sangamasuliridwe mawu ndi mawu (literal translation) kupita ku Chihungarian. Womasulira ayenera kufufuza mwambi wofanana nawo mu Chihungarian womwe uli ndi tanthauzo lofananalo.
- Mawu a Ulemu: Chichewa chimagwiritsa ntchito magulu a maina a ulemu komanso ma vere aulemu monga "mukupita" m'malo mwa "ukupita" posonyeza ulemu kwa munthu wamkulu. Chihungarian nchimodzimodzinso, chili ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zosonyezera ulemu (monga kugwiritsa ntchito "Ön" kapena "maga"). Ndikofunikira kusunga mulingo wa ulemuwu potengera nkhani yomwe ikumasuliridwayo.
- Mawu okhudzana ndi Zakudya ndi Zikondwerero: Mawu monga "nsima", "kondowole", kapena "gule wamkulu" alibe mawu olondola achindunji mu Chihungarian. Womasulira ayenera kusankha kufotokoza mawuwo m'mawu achidule (adaptation) kapena kuwasunga monga momwe alili ndikulemba mawu ofotokoza m'munsi mwa tsamba (footnotes).
Malangizo Othandiza Pakumasulira Chichewa Kupita ku Chihungarian
Kuti mutsimikizire kuti zolemba zanu zili pamlingo wapamwamba komanso zikuwerengeka bwino, tsatirani malangizo awa:
- Mvetsetsani Cholinga cha Nkhaniyo: Kodi nkhaniyo ikunena za chiyani? Ngati ndi zolemba zasayansi, zamalamulo, kapena mabuku, sankhani mawu ogwirizana ndi mutuyo.
- Pezani Mkonzi wa Chihungarian (Native Proofreader): Ngakhale mutadziwa bwanji chilankhulichi, nthawi zonse pafunika mbadwa ya ku Hungary kuti iwerengenso zomasulirazo kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zikumveka bwino popanda kukayikira kwambiri.
- Gwiritsani Ntchito Zipangizo Zamakono Mwanzeru: Zipangizo za CAT (Computer-Assisted Translation) zitha kuthandiza kusunga ndondomeko ya mawu, koma musadalire kwambiri kumasulira kwa makina (machine translation) chifukwa kusiyana kwa mapangidwe a zilankhulizi ndi kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa momwe ma algorishimu amathera kumvetsetsa.
Chidule cha Njira Zothandiza
Kumasulira kuchoka ku Chichewa kupita ku Chihungarian ndiko kupanga mlatho wapakati pa zikhalidwe ndi mapangidwe a zilankhulo osiyana kwambiri. Powonetsetsa kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito njira yoyenera ya agglutination, kutsatira lamulo la mgwirizano wa mavawelo, komanso kulemekeza chikhalidwe cha chilankhulo chilichonse, mutha kupanga zomasulira zapamwamba zomwe sizingangokhala zolondola komanso zomasangalatsa kuwerenga.