Ukuhumusha phakathi kwezilimi ezimbili ezivela emindenini yezilimi ehluke ngokuphelele kungenye yezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu emkhakheni wokuhumusha wanamuhla. IsiZulu, ulimi lomndeni wamaBantu olukhulunywa eNingizimu Afrika, nesi-Almenia (isi-Armenian), ulimi oluyingqayizivele lwasendulo lomndeni we-Indo-European olukhulunywa endaweni yaseCaucasus, zimele izinhlelo zokuxhumana ezihlukene kakhulu. Leli phepha lihlaziya ngokujulile inqubo yokuhumusha phakathi kwalezi zilimi zombili, ubunzima obukhona kwezohlelo lwolimi nemibhalo, kanye namathiphu abalulekile abahumushi abangawasebenzisa ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi imibhalo yabo ihumusha ngokunembile futhi ihlonipha amasiko omabili, ngenkathi ihambisana nezidingo zezinjini zokusesha (SEO).
Ukwahluka Kwezakhi Zezilimi Nemisindo
Ukuze umqondo womhumushi ucace, kumele aqonde ukuthi isiZulu nesi-Almenia zakhiwe kanjani ngokwezilimi. IsiZulu singolimi olusebenzisa kakhulu izakhi ezihlanganiswayo (agglutinative language). Lokhu kusho ukuthi amagama amaningi, ikakhulukazi izenzo namabizo, akhiwa ngokufaka izakhi zokuqala (prefixes) nezakhi zokugcina (suffixes) esiqwini segama. Uhlelo lwesiZulu lulawulwa yizigaba zamabizo (noun classes), lapho ibizo elisendleleni ethile elilawula zonke ezinye izingxenye zomgilingwane womusho njengezenzo, iziphawulo, nezichasiso ngokusebenzisa isivumelwano sikamasingana (concordial agreement). Lokhu kunikeza isiZulu isimo sokuxhumana esigcwele imisindo ehambisanayo nezimpawu ezithile zokukhuluma.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isi-Almenia sisebenzisa indlela yokuguqula izakhi zamagama lapho igama lilodwa lingaqukatha imininingwane eminingi (inflected/fusional language). Nakuba singenazo izigaba zamabizo noma umehluko wobulili (gender) ofana nezinye izilimi zesi-Indo-European, isi-Almenia sinezimo zamabizo ezihlukene eziyisikhombisa (noun cases ezifana ne-Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Ablative, Instrumental, kanye ne-Locative). Lezi zimo zibonisa ngokucacile indima yebizo emshweni ngokushintsha isiphetho salo. Ngenxa yalokhu, umhumushi kumele abe nekhono lokuhumusha izivumelwano zezigaba zamabizo zesiZulu aziyise ezinhlelweni zezimo zokuphela kwamabizo zesi-Almenia, ukuguqula okuyinto edinga ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu.
Izinselelo Ze-Syntax Nokuhleleka Kwemisho
Isakhiwo somusho kusiZulu silandela indlela ejwayelekile ye-SVO (Subject-Verb-Object / Umenzi-Isenzo-Umenziwa). Isibonelo somusho wesiZulu: "Uthisha ufundisa abafundi." Lapha, umenzi ("Uthisha") uza kuqala, kulandele isenzo ("ufundisa"), bese kugcina umenziwa ("abafundi"). Lokhu kuhleleka kuhambisana kakhulu nezilimi eziningi zaseNtshonalanga, kodwa kuhluke kakhulu kunesakhiwo sokuqala sesi-Almenia.
Isi-Almenia sinokuhleleka kwamagama okuguquguqukayo kakhulu ngenxa yesistimu yaso yezimo zamabizo, kodwa isakhiwo saso esijwayelekile kakhulu siwulandelo lwe-SOV (Subject-Object-Verb / Umenzi-Umenziwa-Isenzo) noma i-SVO kuye ngomongo womusho nokugcizelelwa kolwazi. Lapho uhumusha kusukela kusiZulu uya kusi-Almenia, ukugcina ukuhleleka kwe-SVO kwesiZulu kungadala ukuba umusho wesi-Almenia uzwakale ungekho emvelweni noma untula ubuhle bezincwadi (literary flow). Umhumushi kumele aguqule indlela yokwakha umusho ukuze ihambisane nendlela abakhulumi bomdabu base-Armenia abakhuluma futhi babhale ngayo, elinganisela phakathi kokuhleleka kwemisho nemisho elula nekholisayo ezwakalayo kubantu bendaweni.
Ukuwela Ibhuloho Lemibhalo: Kusukela Kumbhalo Wesi-Latin Kuya Kumbhalo Wesi-Almenia
Ubunzima wokuhumusha abugcini kuphela emazwini nasohlelweni lwolimi, kodwa bukhona nasendleleni yokubhala. IsiZulu sisebenzisa umbhalo wesi-Latin (Latin alphabet) owethulwa ngabashumayeli bezenkolo baseNtshonalanga ekhulwini le-19. Umhumushi wesiZulu kumele abhekane nemisindo ekhethekile njengokuchofoza (dental, palatoalveolar, kanye ne-lateral clicks ezimelwe ngu-c, q, no-x) okuyinto engaziwa neze ezilimini zaseYurophu nase-Asia.
Isi-Almenia sona sibhalwa ngombhalo waso oyingqayizivele owasungulwa ngungcwele u-Mesrop Mashtots ngonyaka we-405 AD. Lolu hlelo lokubhala lunezinhlamvu ezingama-39 ezinezimpawu zazo ezikhethekile zomsindo. Lapho uhumusha amagama abantu (proper nouns), amagama ezindawo zesiZulu, noma imiqondo ethile yasemakhaya yaseNingizimu Afrika, umhumushi kumele enze inqubo ye-transliteration esebenzisa izinhlamvu zesi-Almenia ezikwazi ukuletha umsindo oseduze kakhulu nowesiZulu. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze kuvinjelwe ukulahleka kokubizwa kwamagama nokuqinisekisa ukuthi abafundi base-Armenia bayakwazi ukubiza amagama ngokufanelekile ngaphandle kokudideka.
Ukuhumusha Amasiko Nemizwa (Transcreation)
Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu ekuhumusheni phakathi kwalezi zilimi zombili wumehluko omkhulu wamasiko. IsiZulu sihlanganisa imiqondo yomdabu yaseNingizimu Afrika, ehlanganisa amasiko ezolimo, ukuhlonishwa kwamadlozi, kanye nendlela yokuphila yomphakathi efana nomqondo we-"Ubuntu" (ukuthi umuntu ungumuntu ngabantu). Le miqondo inzima kakhulu ukuyihumushela kusi-Almenia ngoba ayinawo amagama afana ngqo nayo olimini nasezinkambisweni zase-Armenia.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isi-Almenia ulimi olucebile ngomlando wempucuko yasendulo, amasiko enkolo yobuKrestu wasendulo (laba yizwe lokuqala ukwamukela ubuKrestu njengenkolo yezwe ngonyaka ka-301 AD), kanye nemizwa yomlando ehlukene. Ukuze umhumushi anqobe lesi sithiyo semikhuba namasiko, kumele asebenzise isu le-transcreation. Lokhu kusho ukuhumusha okugxile emoyeni nasencazelweni yomlayezo kunokuhumusha amagama njengoba enjalo. Kubalulekile ukuthi umhumushi achaze imiqondo yesiZulu esebenzisa imishwana ehambisanayo namasiko ase-Armenia, ukuze umfundi wendawo azizwe exhunyiwe nombhalo futhi aqonde umongo ogcwele wendaba ngendlela elungile.
Amathiphu Awusizo Kubahumushi Abangochwepheshe
Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi umsebenzi wakho wokuhumusha kusukela kusiZulu kuya kusi-Almenia usezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu, landela la mathiphu alandelayo:
- Sebenzisa Amathuluzi Ezilimi Nemicabango (Terminology Databases): Yakha isichazamazwi esiseceleni (glossary) samagama abalulekile nendlela ohlose ukuyihumusha ngayo. Lokhu kusiza ukugcina ukungaguquguquki kwencazelo yombhalo wonke, ikakhulukazi uma uhumusha izincwadi zomthetho, ezezimali, noma ezobuchwepheshe.
- Hlola Inguquko Olimini Lwesibili (Pivot Translation): Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezichazamazwi eziqondile phakathi kwesiZulu nesi-Almenia, ungasebenzisa isiNgisi noma isiRashiya njengolimi lwesikhashana lokuhlola. Kodwa-ke, kumele uqiniseke ukuthi imiqondo yokuqala yesiZulu ayilahleki kule nqubo yokudlula ezilimini ezimbili ezihlukene.
- Qonda Umehluko Phakathi Kwezilimi Zendawo (Dialectal Nuances): Ulimi lwesi-Almenia lunamaqoqo amabili amakhulu okuyisi-Eastern Armenian nesi-Western Armenian. Qinisekisa ukuthi uhumushela labo abahlala e-Armenia (Eastern Armenian) noma abahlala kwamanye amazwe (Western Armenian), njengoba ukubhala nesipelingi kwahluka phakathi kwalezi zilimi zombili.
- Hlola Umsebenzi Nomdabu (Native Proofreading): Njalo thola ochwepheshe bezilimi abakhuluma isi-Almenia njengolimi lwego lwebele ukuze bahlole futhi balungise umbhalo wokugcina. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ziphosiso futhi umbhalo ufundeka kahle.