Ko te whakawhiti reo mai i te reo Māori ki te reo Jōjia (Kartuli) he huarahi e hono ai ngā reo e rua he tino rerekē ō rāua takenga me ō rāua hanganga wetereo. Ko te reo Māori te reo taketake o Aotearoa, he reo nō te whānau reo Ahitonihia (Austronesian), e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā tūtohu, ngā tūpou, me te raupapa kupu tohu mahi (Verb-Subject-Object). I tētahi taha, ko te reo Jōjia he reo nō te whānau reo Kātarawera (Kartvelian) mai i te rohe o Kaukahia, he reo matatini tōna hanganga, e rongonui ana mō tōna pūnaha kupu mahi whatini (polypersonal) me tōna taunga ki te hanga kupu whakakao (agglutinative). Ko te whāinga o tēnei tuhinga he wetewete i ngā uauatanga me ngā kōrero tohutohu mō te hunga e mahi ana ki te whakawhiti i ngā kōrero i waenga i ēnei reo whakamiharo e rua.
Ngā Rerekētanga Wetereo: Mai i te VSO ki te SOV
Ko tētahi o ngā tino wero mō te kaiwhakawhiti reo ko te raupapa o te rerenga kōrero. I roto i te reo Māori, ko te raupapa māori ko te Tūmahi-Kaimahi-Mea (VSO). Hei tauira, "E kawe ana te tamaiti i te pukapuka." Heoi, i roto i te reo Jōjia, he ngāwari ake te raupapa o ngā kupu, engari ko te hanganga tino māori ko te Kaimahi-Mea-Tūmahi (SOV) rānei, te Kaimahi-Tūmahi-Mea (SVO) rānei. Ko te mutunga o te kupu mahi i roto i te reo Jōjia e tohu ana i te mahi, te kai mahi, me te mea e pā ana te mahi, e mōhiotia ana ko te polypersonality.
Mā te kaiwhakarite reo e aro puku ki tēnei huringa hanganga. Mena ka whakamāoritia te kianga Jōjia, me whakarereke te nohoanga o te kupu mahi ki te tīmatanga o te rerenga kōrero i te reo Māori, me te taapiri atu i ngā paratiki tohu tūmahi pēnei i a 'e... ana', 'kua', 'kei te', me te 'i'. Ki te kore tēnei e mahia, ka kore te rerenga e whai kiko, ka anuanu hoki te taringa o te tangata pānui i te reo Māori. Waihoki, i te whakawhiti ki te reo Jōjia, me tino tātari te hononga o te kaimahi me te mea e pāngia ana e te mahi i roto i te pūnaha kupu mahi o te reo Jōjia hei whiriwhiri i te mutunga kupu tika.
Ko te Pūnaha Kupu Mahi Matatini o te Reo Jōjia
He tino uaua te wetereo o te reo Jōjia ina whakatauritea ki te reo Māori. Kei te reo Jōjia tētahi pūnaha kupu mahi matatini rawaka. Ka taea e tētahi kupu mahi kotahi te whakaatu i te mahi, te kaimahi, te tangata rānei e whiwhi ana i te mahi, te wā hoki. He rerekē rawatia tēnei ki te reo Māori, e whakamahi ana i ngā paratiki wetereo motuhake hei whakaatu i te wā me te tūnga o te mahi. I te reo Jōjia, ko ngā tohutonutanga katoa ka piri tonu ki te kupu mahi ake pēnei i ngā prefix me ngā suffix.
He tauira pai ko te whakahurihanga o ngā tūāhua whakawhitinga. I te reo Jōjia, kei kona ngā tūpou me ngā tūtohu kaupawhi motuhake (ergative case) e huri ana i runga i te momo kupu mahi me te wā (aspect/tense). Ma tēnei rerekētanga, me āta tohutohu te kaiwhakawhiti ki te mārama ki ngā ariā 'ergative' me te 'nominative' o te reo Jōjia, kia kore ai e he te whiriwhiri i te tūpou me te āhua o te kupu mahi ka whakaurua ki te tuhinga. Ki te reo Māori, ka kitea ngā pūkihi pēnei i te 'e' (tohu kaimahi i te rerenga hāngū), engari he māmā ake te tono i tēnei pūnaha ki te whakataurite ki te uaua o te pūnaha Jōjia.
Te Huinga Oro me te Tuhituhi: Te Wero o te Pūnaha Tuhituhi
Kei te rerekē hoki te wetewete i te pūnaha tuhituhi me te huinga oro (phonology) o ēnei reo e rua. Ko te reo Māori he reo e whakamahi ana i te arapū Rātini me ngā tohutō (macrons) hei tohu i te roa o te oro vowel. He iti noa iho ngā kōnakonako oro (consonants) o te reo Māori (tekau mā tahi katoa), ā, ko te nuinga o ngā kupu he tuwhera te tūāhua oro (oro vowel kei te mutunga o ia tānguru kupu). I tētahi taha, he tino rerekē te reo Jōjia. Kei a ia tōna ake arapū tawhito, te Mkhedruli, ā, he reo e kī ana i ngā consonant clusters hōhonu (pēnei i te "gvprtskvnis"). Karekau he tohutō o te reo Jōjia, engari kei reira ngā oro papaku (ejective consonants) pēnei i te 'p\'', 't\'', 'k\'', 'ts\'', me te 'ch\'' kāore e kitea i te reo Māori.
Mā te kaiwhakawhiti e aro nui ki tēnei rerekētanga i te wā e whakaputa ana i ngā ingoa tangata, ingoa whenua rānei. Ko te whakahua i te ingoa Māori ki te reo Jōjia me whai i tētahi whakaritenga oro kia tata ai ki te reo taketake, me te karo i te taapiri consonant clusters e whakarerekē ana i te rongo o te kupu. Waihoki, mō te whakaputa i ngā kupu Jōjia ki te reo Māori, me wāwāhi pea i ngā consonant clusters hōhonu ma te whakauru oro vowel tūhono (epenthetic vowels), ahakoa te mea ka ngaro te hanga taketake, kia pai ai te pānui ma te hunga kōrero Māori.
Te Hononga o te Reo me te Ahurea: Mana, Tapu me te Mauri i te Reo Jōjia
Ko tētahi atu āhuatanga matua ko te ahurea. Ko te reo Māori he reo e kī ana i ngā matapono ahurea pōkarekare pēnei i te 'mana', te 'tapu', me te 'mauri'. Karekau he kupu kotahi i roto i te reo Jōjia e rite ana te tikanga ki ēnei kupu. No reira, me whakamahi te kaiwhakawhiti i te tikanga whakawhiti 'paraphrasing' (te whakamārama kōrero) hei kawe i te tino wairua o te tuhinga taketake.
Hei tauira, mō te kupu 'mana', me matua wetewete i te horopaki o te rerenga kōrero. Ki te mea e pā ana ki te mana o te rangatira, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā kupu Jōjia e pā ana ki te whakaute (პატივისცემა), te mana whai wāhi (ავტორიტეტი), te mauri atua rānei. Mō te kupu 'tapu', e rite ana pea ki te kupu 'sacred' i te reo Ingarihi, i te reo Jōjia ka whakamahia te kupu 'წმინდა' (tsminda), engari me whakamārama ano i te rerekētanga o te tapu ahurea Māori ki te tapu whakapono o te Hāhi Katorika, Karaitiana rānei e kaha nei i Jōjia (Eastern Orthodox). Ma te pēnei anake e mau tonu ai te pono o te whakaputanga.
Ngā Tohutohu Whaitake mō te Kaiwhakawhiti
Mā te whai i ngā tohutohu i raro nei ka māmā ake te mahi whakawhiti reo i waenga i ēnei reo e rua:
- Arotahi ki te Horopaki: Kaua rawa e whakawhiti kupu-ki-te-kupu. Ko te reo Māori me te reo Jōjia he reo e here ana ki te horopaki ahurea me te whakapapa o ngā kōrero.
- Mārama ki te Pūnaha Huinga Oro me te Tuhituhi: I te mea e whakamahi ana te reo Jōjia i te taera tuhituhi Mkhedruli (მხედრული), he mea nui kia tau te kaiwhakarite ki te pānui me te tuhi i tēnei tūtohi oro, me te mārama hoki ki ngā oro ahurei o te reo Jōjia pēnei i ngā oro papaku (ejectives).
- Whakamahi i te Whakamārama (Footnotes): Mō ngā ariā whakapapa, whānaungatanga, stumar-maspindzloba (te manaakitanga a-Jōjia), he pai te taapiri footnotes hei awhina i te kaipānui kia mārama ki te horopaki ahurea hōhonu.
- Whakaūngia te Rēhita Motuhake: Whakaritea kia rite tonu te taumata o te reo (ōkawa rānei, ōpaki rānei) i roto i ngā reo e rua. Ko te reo Māori he maha ngā whakataukī (proverbs) me ngā kīwaha, me kimi he rite tonu te hōhonu me te mana o te kōrero i roto i te reo Jōjia.
He Whakarāpopototanga mō te Hononga Reo
I te mutunga iho, ahakoa te tawhiti o te whenua o Jōjia ki Aotearoa, a, ahakoa te rerekē o ngā whakapapa o ngā reo e rua, kei kona tonu tētahi hononga a-wairua e taea ai te whakawhiti kōrero ki te mea ka aro nui te kaiwhakawhiti ki te hōhonutanga o te wetereo me te tapu o te kupu. Ma te ū ki ngā pūnaha wetereo, te aroha ki te taonga a te iwi, me te mohio ki te ahurea o tēnā rohe, o tēnā rohe, ka taea te hanga i tētahi whakawhitinga reo kounga teitei, e whakaute ana i te taha Māori me te taha Jōjia. Ko te mahi whakawhiti reo ehara i te mahi whakarereke kupu noa, engari he mahi hanga piriti i waenga i ngā ngākau o ngā iwi taketake o te ao.