Kumasulira zilankhulo kuchokera mu Chichewa kupita mu Chitchaina (Chinese) ndi ntchito yomwe ikukula kwambiri masiku ano chifukwa cha ubale wamalonda, maphunziro, komanso chikhalidwe pakati pa mayiko a mu Africa ndi dziko la China. Komabe, kumasulira uku si chinthu chophweka. Zimafunika kumvetsetsa mozama kusiyana kwa magalamala, kapezedwe ka mawu, komanso zikhalidwe za anthu olankhula zilankhulozizi. Chilankhulo cha Chichewa chili m'gulu la zilankhulo za Bantu zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri magulu a maina ndi zosinthika kumayambiriro kwa mawu (prefixes), pomwe Chitchaina ndi chilankhulo chotengera zilembo za zithunzi (characters) komanso chimagwiritsa ntchito mamvekedwe osiyanasiyana a mawu (tones) posonyeza tanthauzo.
Kusiyana kwa Kapangidwe ka Ziganizo ndi Magalamala
Mbali yoyamba yomwe omasulira amakumana nayo ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kapangidwe ka ziganizo pakati pa Chichewa ndi Chitchaina. Chichewa chimatsata dongosolo la Mutu-Chitani-Chitaniwa (Subject-Verb-Object kapena SVO). Chitchaina nawonso amagwiritsa ntchito dongosolo la SVO, koma njira yomwe amapangira ziganizo zovuta imakhala yosiyana kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, m'Chitchaina, ziganizo zofotokoza za malo kapena nthawi nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa pamaso pa mneni (verb), pomwe m'Chichewa zinthu izi zitha kupezeka kumapeto kwa chiganizo.
Kuwonjezera apo, Chichewa chili ndi magulu a maina (noun classes) okwana 18, omwe amatsogolera mgwirizano wa mawu m'chiganizo chosonyeza kuchuluka kapena mtundu wa chinthu. Koma m'Chitchaina mulibe magulu a maina oterewa. M'malo mwake, Chitchaina chimagwiritsa ntchito "mawu oyezera" (measure words kapena classifiers) omwe amayenera kuphatikizidwa ndi dzina lililonse lopezeka m'chiganizo. Omasulira ayenera kukhala osamala kwambiri posankha mawu oyezera oyenerera m'Chitchaina kuti apewe zolakwika zomwe zingasokoneze tanthauzo la chiganizo chonse.
Zovuta za Chikhalidwe ndi Kumasulira kwa Mawu Ofanana
Chilankhulo chilichose chimatengera chikhalidwe cha anthu omwe amachilankhula. Kumasulira mawu ochokera mu chikhalidwe cha Malawian kupita mu chikhalidwe cha Chitchaina kumafunika luso lapadera la "transcreation" kapena kumasulira kopitilira mawu enieni. Mwachitsanzo, lingaliro la "Umunthu" mu Chichewa lili ndi tanthauzo lalikulu kwambiri la unyinji ndi chikondi pa mnzako. M'Chitchaina, lingaliro loyandikana ndi limeneli litha kukhala "Ren" (仁) m'chiphunzitso cha Confucianism, koma tanthauzo lake lenileni lingasiyane pang'ono malinga ndi momwe chiganizo chilili.
Miyambi ndi mafanizo nawonso amakhala ovuta kumasulira. Kumasulira mwamawu enieni (literal translation) kwa miyambi ya Chichewa monga "Mwana wa mphenzi amamera nthenga kuthambo" kupita m'Chitchaina kungasokoneze owerenga a Chitchaina. M'malo mwake, womasulira ayenera kupeza mwambi wa Chitchaina womwe uli ndi tanthauzo lofana ndi limeneli, monga wogwirizana ndi khama, kupirira, kapena tsoka.
Malangizo Othandiza Pakumasulira Chichewa Kupita ku Chitchaina
Kuti mumasulire bwino komanso mogwira mtima pakati pa zilankhulo ziwirizi, nazi mfundo zazikulu zomwe muyenera kuzitsatira:
- Mvetsetsani Nkhani Yonse (Context): Musamasulire mawu amodzi-amodzi. Nthawi zonse werengani ndime yonse kuti mumvetse uthenga womwe ukufunika kuperekedwa musanayambe kulemba m'Chitchaina.
- Sankhani Zilembo Zoyenera (Simplified vs. Traditional Chinese): Dziko la China limagwiritsa ntchito zilembo zosalira (Simplified Chinese), pomwe ku Taiwan, Hong Kong, ndi madera ena amagwiritsa ntchito zilembo zakale (Traditional Chinese). Dziwani omwe awerenge uthenga wanu kuti musankhe bwino.
- Pangani Kafukufuku wa Mawu a Makono: Mawu a sayansi, matekinoloje, ndi malonda amasintha pafupipafupi. Onetsetsani kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito mawu amakono omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi eni chilankhulo m'dziko la China masiku ano.
- Gwiritsani Ntchito Zida Zamakono (CAT Tools): Zida monga SDL Trados kapena MemoQ zimathandiza kusunga mawu omwe mwamasulira kale (translation memory), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yanu ikhale yogwirizana komanso yachangu.
- Kufunsira ndi Kubwereza: Womasulira aliyense ayenera kukhala ndi munthu wina yemwe amadziwa bwino Chitchaina kuti awonenso ntchito yomwe yamasuliridwayo (proofreading) kuti atsimikizire kuti ikumveka mwachilengedwe kwa eni chilankhulo.
Luso la Kumasulira Zikalata Zovomerezeka Ndi Zamalamulo
Kumasulira zikalata za boma, zamalamulo, kapena zamaphunziro kumafuna kusamala kwambiri. M'Chichewa, mawu amalamulo amakhala ndi kamangidwe kake kamene kangafunike kufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane m'Chitchaina kuti asatayike tanthauzo. Ku China, malamulo ndi ndondomeko zake zili ndi mawu enieni omwe sangasinthidwe kapena kumasuliridwa mwachisawawa. Omasulira odziwa bwino ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito madikishonare a zamalamulo komanso kukaonana ndi akatswiri a zamalamulo m'maiko onse awiriwa kuti apewe kusamvetsetsana komwe kungabweretse mavuto aakulu kukhoti kapena pamalonda.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Luso la Kumasulira kwa Digito ndi Intaneti
Masiku ano, zolemba zambiri zikumasuliridwa chifukwa cha masamba a pa intaneti (websites) ndi mapulogalamu a pa foni (apps). Kumasulira kotereku kumafuna kuti womasulira azidziwanso za SEO (Search Engine Optimization) ya m'Chitchaina. Search engine yayikulu ku China si Google, koma ndi Baidu. Choncho, omasulira ayenera kudziwa mawu osakira (keywords) omwe anthu a ku China amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri pa Baidu kuti zolemba zawo zizipezeka mosavuta pa intaneti. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kumasulira sikungokhala kutembenuza mawu, koma ndikukonza zolembazo kuti zikhalenso ndi phindu pazamalonda pa intaneti.