Basa rekududzira kubva paChishona kuenda paChiindonesia rinomirira danho guru mukubatanidza tsika nevanhu vematunhu maviri akasiyana zvikuru pasi rino. Chishona, semutauro weBantu unotaurwa nevanhu vakawanda muZimbabwe, chine zvivakwa zvakasiyana chose neChiindonesia (Bahasa Indonesia), mutauro wenyika yeIndonesia uri pasi pemhuri yemitauro yeAustronesian. Kuti mududziri anyatsobuditsa revo yakakwana pasina kurasika kwezvinoreva rugwaro, anofanira kunge aine nzwisiso yakadzika yemitauro yese miviri pamwe netsika dzevanhu vanoishandisa.
Musiyano weGirama neZvivakwa zveMutauro (Grammatical Contrasts)
Chinhu chakakosha zvikuru pakududzira kutarisa musiyano uripo pakati pezvivakwa zvese zvemitauro iyi. Chishona mutauro unotungamirirwa nezvikamu zvemazita (Noun Classes kubva pachikamu 1 kusvika 21). Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chine zvivakamberi zvinotonga kuwirirana kwezvirevo zvose (subject-verb agreement). Semuenzaniso, kana tichiti "Vana vadiki vari kutamba", chivakamberi rekuti "va-" chinoratidza chikamu chekutanga chekuwanda (Class 2) uye chinouya pane zvisarudzo nezviito zvese.
Kune rimwe divi, Chiindonesia hachina zvikamu zvemazita zvakafanana neChishona, uye hachina zviratidzi zvenhengo yechikadzi nechechirume (gender-neutral). Asi, chinoshandisa zvatinoti 'kata penggolong' kana kuti zvisarudzo zvekuverenga zvinoenderana nechimiro chezvinhu. Somuenzaniso, kana uchiita shanduro yenyaya yeChishona inotaura nezvemunhu, mhuka, kana michero, muChiindonesia unotofanira kushandisa classifier yakakodzera yakadai se 'orang' (yevanhu), 'ekor' (yemhuka), kana 'buah' (yezvinhu zvakajairika kana michero). Kusarudza classifier isina kukodzera kunoita kuti mutauro uoneke usina kurongeka kumuverengi weChiindonesia.
Kunamira kweMashoko neZviwedzerwa (Agglutination vs Affixation)
Chishona mutauro unonamira mashoko (agglutinative). Izvi zvinoreva kuti chiito chimwe chete muChishona chinogona kunge chakasunganidzwa nezvakawanda zvakaita semuiti, muitirwa, nguva yakaitwa chiito, uye mashandiro acho. Somuenzaniso, shoko rekuti "ndichakubatsirai" rine chivakamberi chemuiti ("ndi-"), chiratidzi chenguva yemberi ("-cha-"), muitirwa ("-ku-"), chiito pachacho ("-batsir-"), uye chiratidzi chekuremekedza kana kuwanda ("-i").
Chiindonesia, kunyange zvazvo chichishandisawo zviwedzerwa (affixes), chine imwe nzira yekutsanangura nguva nezviitiko. Hachina zvakawanda zvakavakirwa mukati mechiito pachacho zvinoratidza nguva seChishona. Nguva inoratidzwa nemashoko anozvimiririra akadai sekuti 'sudah' (nguva yakapfuura), 'sedang' (izvozvi), kana 'akan' (nguva yemberi). Asi mutauro uyu unoshandisa zvikuru zvivakamberi nezvivakashure (prefixes nemasuffixes) se 'me-', 'di-', '-kan', nemamwe kuratidza maitirwo echiito (active/passive voice kana causative actions). Mududziri anofanira kungwarira kuti anyatsoburitsa zvinoreva zvivakamberi zveChishona achishandisa mashoko emubatsiro neaffixes dzeChiindonesia.
Kudzokororwa kweMashoko (Reduplication) uye Revo Yazvo
Dzokororo yemashoko chimiro chinowanikwa mumitauro yese iri miviri, asi ine misiyano yakakura pakushandiswa kwayo. MuChishona, kudzokorora mashoko kunoratidza kurerutsa basa, kusaitsiga, kana kudzokororwa kwechimwe chinhu kwenguva pfupi, semuenzaniso "kufamba-famba" (kufamba zvisina chikonzero chakajeka) kana "kutaura-taura". Kudzokororwa kwezita hazviwanzo shandiswa kuratidza kuwanda kwezvinhu munzira yakarurama.
MuChiindonesia, kudzokororwa kwemashoko (kunonzi 'reduplikasi') ibasa guru rekugadzira mazwi matsva kana kuratidza kuwanda. Semuenzaniso, 'anak' (mwana) anogona kudzokororwa kuita 'anak-anak' kuratidza kuwanda kwevana (plurality). Kudzokorora chiito sekuti 'jalan-jalan' kunoreva kufamba uchinakidzwa, izvo zvakafanana nekuti "famba-famba" muChishona. Nekudaro, mududziri anofanira kuona kuti arege kuvhiringidza dzokororo inoratidza kuwanda muChiindonesia neiya inoratidza kungoita zvishoma muChishona.
Shanduro yeTsumo, Madimikira, netsika (Idioms and Cultural Adaptation)
Chimwe chipingamupinyi chikuru mukududzira kubva paChishona kuenda paChiindonesia inyaya yetsika. Mutauro weChishona wakapfuma zvikuru netsumo nemadimikira akavakirwa pamagariro evanhu vemuAfrica, ukama, mhuka, nemamiriro ekunze. Semuenzaniso, tsumo yekuti "Chara chimwe hachitsanye inda" (kuratidza mushandirapamwe).
Kuteverera shanduro yezwi nezwi (literal translation) yemutsara uyu kuenda paChiindonesia inogona kunge isina revo kumuverengi wekuIndonesia. Pane kudaro, mududziri anofanira kutsvaga tsumo yeChiindonesia ine revo yakafanana. Semuenzaniso, tsumo inoti "Berat sama dipikul, ringan sama dijinjing" (kuremerwa tinotakura tose, kurerukirwa takabata tose) kana kuti "Gotong royong" (mweya wekubatana nekubatsirana pabasa) inobatsira kuburitsa chinangwa cheChishona zvinogutsa. Kuita izvi kunoda unyanzvi hwekutsinhanisa tsika kwete mutauro chete (transcreation).
Politeness Registers neMadhipatimendi ekuremekedza
Ukama hwemagariro evanhu nekuenzana kwavo chinhu chinonyanya kuratidzwa mumitauro yese miviri kuburikidza nematauriro anoremekedza. MuChishona, tinoremekedza vanhu vakuru kana vatorwa nekushandisa chiwande (plural pronouns) sekuti "imwe" kana "vamwe", pane kuti "iwe" kana "iye". MuChiindonesia, pane nzira dzakawanda zvikuru dzekuremekedza dziri pachena. Pane mashoko akawanda anomirira 'iwe' sekuti 'kamu' (revezera rako kana vadiki), 'Anda' (rekuremekedza zvikuru mubasa kana kunze), kana kushandisa mazwi ehukama semuenzaniso 'Bapak' (Baba) kana 'Ibu' (Amai) kuratidza rukudzo.
Mududziri anofanira kuongorora zvisarudzo zvose zvemitauro iyi miviri kuitira kuti ashandise shoko rekuremekedza rakakodzera mumamiriro ezvinhu akanyorwa. Kududzira munhu ari kuremekedzwa muChishona uchienda paChiindonesia usingatarisi izvi kunogona kuita kuti rugwaro runzwike serusina tsika kana kuti rungagumbura vaverengi vekupedzisira.
Mazano eBasa nekuvandudza Ruzivo rweVadudziri
Kuti uve mududziri ane unyanzvi hwakazara kubva paChishona kuenda paChiindonesia, unofanira kutevera nzira nekurudziro dzinotevera:
- Dzidza Magariro Matsva: Indonesia inyika yakakura ine zviwi zvakawanda netsika dzakasiyana (sezvitsuwa zveJava, Sumatra, neBali). Magariro nemitauro yematunhu aya zvinokurudzira zvikuru mutauro mukuru wekududzira. Saizvozvowo, magariro anobva kumatunhu akasiyana emuZimbabwe anoumba mutauro weChishona.
- Shandisa maduramazwi echokwadi: Gara uine maduramazwi akaita se Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) kune rimwe divi, nemaduramazwi eChishona ane mukurumbira kune rimwe divi kuti ukwanise kuwana revo dzemazwi asina kujairika.
- Kudzokorodza nekugadzirisa zvinyorwa: Kugadziriswa kwebasa kunonyanya kukosha. Rega munhu anotaura mutauro wekupedzisira semutauro wake waamai (native speaker) aongorore shanduro yako kuti asimbise kuti inogutsa uye inonzwika zvakanaka.
- Unyanzvi hweCAT Tools: Kushandiswa kwezvirongwa zvekubatsira kududzira tekinoroji (Computer-Assisted Translation tools) kunobatsira zvikuru pakuchengetedza mashoko anoramba achishandiswa akafanana mubasa rose kuitira kuti shanduro isarasikirwe nekugadzikana kwayo.