Intshayelelo yeNkqubo yoGuqulelo
Ukuguqulela phakathi kweelwimi ezimbini ezivela kwiintsapho ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo ngumsebenzi ofuna ubugcisa, umonde, kunye nokuqonda okunzulu. IsiXhosa, esilulwimi lwesintu oluthethwa kakhulu eMzantsi Afrika, lolona lwimi ludumileyo lwe-Bantu olusebenzisa izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-agglutinative. Kwelinye icala, isiKhathalan (Catalan) silulwimi lweRomance oluthethwa kwimpuma-ntshona yeYurophu, ngakumbi eCatalonia, eAndorra, naseBalearic Islands. Lo mahluko weelwimi uvelisa imiceli-mngeni ekhethekileyo kubaguquleli abafuna ukuzisa umyalezo ocacileyo nongaphazamisekiyo phakathi oluntu lwezi zizwe zibini.
Kulo mhlaba wanamhlanje wehlabathi jikelele, ukuguqulelwa kweencwadi, amaxwebhu omthetho, imixholo yewebhu, kunye nezixhobo zemfundo phakathi kwesiXhosa nesiKhathalan kuya kusiba yinto ebalulekileyo. Le nkqubo ayikho malunga nokutshintsha amagama avela kolunye ulwimi ukuya kolunye kuphela; imalunga nokutshintshela intsingiselo, iimvakalelo, kunye nomxholo wenkcubeko ukuze abafundi bolwimi olujoliswe kulo (target language) bazive umyalezo ngendlela efanayo neyokuqala.
Umahluko weGramar kunye neSakhiwo Sentetho
Omnye weyona miceli-mngeni mikhulu xa uguqulela ukusuka kwisiXhosa ukuya kwisiKhathalan kukutshintsha kwesakhiwo sentetho. IsiXhosa sisebenzisa inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-noun class system. Kule nkqubo, izibizo zihlulwe ngokwamaqela ahlukeneyo (iiklasi), kwaye iklasi nganye inesimaphambili (prefix) esichaphazela zonke ezinye izahlulo zesivakalisi, kubandakanywa izenzi, izichazi, kunye nezimelabizo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-alliterative concord kwaye kwenza ukuba isiXhosa sibe lolunye lweelwimi ezinesandi esihle nesimnandi kakhulu.
IsiKhathalan, njengezinye iilwimi zeRomance, sisebenzisa isakhiwo segrama esahluke ngokupheleleyo. Sisebenzisa isini (masculine kunye ne-feminine) kunye nenani (singular kunye ne-plural) ukulawula izichazi kunye nezivumelanisi zesenzi. Kungekudala, izimaphambili zesiXhosa kufuneka ziguqulelwe zibe zizihlanganisi ezifanelekileyo ngesiKhathalan, ezinjengo-el, la, els, kunye ne-les. Kwakhona, amaxesha ezenzi kwisiXhosa (verbs) anokuba nzima kakhulu kuba abandakanya iimeko ezinjenge-subjunctive, potential, kunye nezinye izakhiwo ezingafunekiyo ngqo kwisiKhathalan kodwa kufuneka ziboniswe kusetyenziswa izenzi ezisizayo (auxiliary verbs) okanye ezinye iindlela zolwimi.
Inkcubeko kunye neMigaqo yeTranscreation
Inguqulelo ephumeleleyo ixhomekeke kakhulu kwisakhono somguquleli sokuqonda nokuhambisa inkcubeko yentsusa. Ukuba uguqulela isaci okanye iqhalo lesiXhosa ngqo kwisiKhathalan, intsingiselo inokulahleka ngokupheleleyo okanye ivakale ingaqhelekanga. Oku kubangelwa kukuba isiXhosa sinegama elinye elingachaza iimvakalelo kunye nentlalo yoluntu, ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu (Ubuntu), kunye nezithethe zokuhlonipha (Hlonipha system). Umzekelo, amagama afana no-"ubuntu" okanye "ukuhlonipha" afuna intsingiselo ebanzi kuba ayikho imixholo efanayo ngqo kwinkcubeko yaseCatalonia.
Kule meko, kucetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-transcreation. Oku kuthetha ukuba umguquleli kufuneka abhale kabusha umyalezo osebenzisa isigama, izaci, kunye neendlela zentetho ezithandwayo kwaye ziqondakale lula kubantu bathetha isiKhathalan, ngelixa bagcina intsingiselo enye neyomthombo. Oku kufuna ukuba umguquleli abe yingcali enolwazi olubanzi ngobomi basemakhaya eMzantsi Afrika kunye nentlalo yaseYurophu.
Iingcebiso kunye neendlela zokusebenza ezilungileyo
Nokuba ungumguquleli oqeqeshiweyo okanye oqalayo, nazi iingcebiso ezibalulekileyo zokuphucula umsebenzi wakho woguqulelo phakathi kwezi lwimi:
- Funda isicatshulwa siphelele: Musa ukuqala ukuguqulela isivakalisi sokuqala ungayifundanga yonke idokhumenti. Kubalulekile ukuqonda intsingiselo yonke, ithoni yombhali, kunye nabafundi abajoliswe kuyo.
- Sebenzisa izixhobo zoluvo ezifanelekileyo: Sebenzisa izichazi-magama ezisemgangathweni kunye nee-glossaries eziqinisekisiweyo. Nangona izixhobo eziguqulela isiXhosa zisiya kwisiKhathalan ngokuthe ngqo zimbalwa, ungasebenzisa iilwimi zenguqulelo zesiNgesi okanye zesiFrentshi njengebhulorho, kodwa uqinisekise ukuba itshekishwe kakuhle intsingiselo yokuqala.
- Hlalutya amaxesha ezenzi: Qinisekisa ukuba uhambisa amaxesha ezenzi ngokuchanekileyo. IsiXhosa sinesakhiwo esikhethekileyo sokuchaza iziganeko ezadlulayo okanye ezenzeka ngoku, kwaye isiKhathalan sineendlela ezininzi zokuphathelele nexesha elidlulileyo (passat simple, passat perifràstic, imperfet).
- Buza iingcali: Xa unemibuzo malunga namazwi athile enkcubeko, buza kubantu abatshoyo bolwimi lweenkobe (native speakers). Oku kunceda ukukhusela iimpazamo zentsingiselo nezokugweba.
- Qinisekisa ucoceko lokugqibela: Hlala uphinda uhlole (proofread) umsebenzi wakho emva kokuba ugqibile. Ukuphinda ufundisise isicatshulwa ngeso elitsha kunceda ukubona amaphoso asele ethe gabalala.
Ukuqinisekisa uMgangatho woGuqulelo (Quality Assurance)
Umsebenzi woguqulelo awugqitywa ngokutshintsha nje amazwi; udinga inyathelo eliqinileyo lokuqinisekisa umgangatho (Quality Assurance). Emva kokugqiba uguqulelo lwakho, shiya isicatshulwa iiyure ezimbalwa okanye usuku olunye ukuba ixesha likuvumela. Emva koko, sifunde isicatshulwa sesiKhathalan ngaphandle kokujonga isicatshulwa sokuqala sesiXhosa. Oku kuya kukunceda ubone ukuba ingaba isicatshulwa esiguqulelweyo sifundeka kakuhle na kwaye sivakala njengekhathalan eyinyani.
Ukuba kunokwenzeka, yabelana ngomsebenzi wakho nomhleli othetha isiKhathalan njolwimi lweenkobe. Ukuphononongwa komsebenzi ngomnye umntu (peer review) yeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yokufumana iziphene kwaye kuqinisekiswe ukuba inguqulelo ilungiselelwe ngokufanelekileyo uluntu olujoliswe kulo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho womsebenzi uphezulu kwaye umyalezo wokuqala wesiXhosa udluliswe ngokupheleleyo nangobunono obufanelekileyo.