Guhindura inyandiko kuva mu rurimi rumwe ujya mu rundi ni igikorwa gisaba ubushishozi buhanitse, ariko biba akarusho iyo uhindura hagati y'indimi zikomoka mu miryango itandukanye rwose. Guhindura kuva mu Kinyarwanda, ururimi rw'Ikibantu rukoreshwa muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, ujya mu Gisiluvaki (Slovak), ururimi rw'Abasilavi rukoreshwa rwagati mu Burayi, ni urugendo rusaba kwambuka imipaka y'imiterere y'indimi n'umuco. Iyi nyandiko ikubiyemo isesengura ryimbitse ry'uburyo uyu murimo ukorwa, imbogamizi zigaragaramo, n'inama z'ingenzi zafasha abahinduzi kugera ku buhinduzi bwiza kandi bwizewe buhuza iyi miryango yombi.
Itandukaniro ry'Imiterere y'Indimi: Inteko z'Amazina n'Imikoreshereze y'Amasinga (Declensions)
Imwe mu nkingi za mwamba zitandukanya Ikinyarwanda n'Igisiluvaki ni imiterere y'amazina n'uburyo akoreshwa mu nteruro. Ikinyarwanda gishingiye ku nteko z'amazina (noun classes), aho izina ryose rishyirwa mu nteko runaka (kuva ku nteko ya 1 kugeza ku ya 20) ishingiye ku ntera, ubwinshi, cyangwa ubwoko bw'ikivugwa. Izi nteko zigenga uturemajambo (prefixes) dukoreshwa ku nshinga, ibinyazina, n'amatadukanya yose aherekeza izina kugira ngo interuro yumvikane neza kandi igire ubwumvikane bw'indimi (agreement).
Ku rundi ruhande, Igisiluvaki gikoresha uburyo bw'amasinga cyangwa imikoreshereze y'amazina (cases/pády). Amazina mu Gisiluvaki ahindura impera zayo hashingiwe ku ruhare afite mu nteruro (haba nka nterwa, nteguza, cyangwa ntererwa) ndetse n'igitsina cy'izina (kigabo, kigore, cyangwa kitagira igitsina). Igisiluvaki gifite amasinga arindwi (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, locative, instrumental, n'ivuga rya kera vocative). Iyo umuhinduzi ageze ku nteruro y'Ikinyarwanda irimo inyunge cyangwa inyunganizi, agomba kumenya neza isinga ryo mu Gisiluvaki rwirukansha iyo nteruro. Gukora amakosa mu guhitamo isinga bikurura urujijo rukomeye mu basomyi b'Igisiluvaki kandi bikangiza ubutumwa bwashakaga gutangwa.
Ubwumvikane bw'Inshinga, Ibihe, n'Imiterere y'Ibikorwa (Verb Aspects)
Ikinyarwanda kizwiho kugira ibihe byinshi cyane bitandukanya igihe igikorwa cyabereye (urugero: icyabaye kera, icyabaye uyu munsi, icyakozwe vuba, n'ibindi). Inshinga mu Kinyarwanda zomatanywa n'utwerekana inteko y'icyavuzwe, ibihe, n'icyerekezo cy'igikorwa. Ibi bituma inshinga imwe y'Ikinyarwanda ishobora kuba interuro yuzuye ubwayo (nk'ijambo "narakimuhaye", ririmo inteko y'igikoresho n'icy'umuntu uhawe).
Mu Gisiluvaki, ishusho y'inshinga (verb aspect) igabanukamo ibice bibiri by'ingenzi: ibikorwa bitarangiye (nedokonavý vid) n'ibikorwa byarangiye (dokonavý vid). Nubwo Igisiluvaki gifite ibihe bitatu gusa by'ingenzi (igihe cyahise, ikiriho, n'ikizaza), ubwo buryo bw'ishusho y'inshinga bwunganira ibihe mu kugaragaza niba igikorwa kigikomeza cyangwa niba cyararangiye burundu. Umuhinduzi agomba kugira ubushishozi bwo guhuza ibihe binyuranye by'Ikinyarwanda n'ishusho y'inshinga ikwiye mu Gisiluvaki kugira ngo hatabaho gutakaza ireme n'inyito y'umwimerere.
Uruhare rw'Umuco n'Imvugo z'Ikigereranyo mu Buhinduzi
Ururimi n'umuco ni ikintu kimwe kidatana, kandi ubu ni bwo buryo bukomeye umuhinduzi ahuriramo n'imbogamizi zo mu rwego rw'imyizerere n'imigenzo. Ikinyarwanda cyuzuyemo imvugo z'ikigereranyo, imigani, n'inyito zishingiye ku buzima bwa buri munsi bw'Abanyarwanda, cyane cyane ibyerekeye inka, ubuhinzi, n'imibanire y'abantu mu muryango. Urugero, imvugo nka "gukama inka" cyangwa "gutera imirera" zifite ibisobanuro byimbitse birenze amagambo gusa mu muco w'u Rwanda.
Igisiluvaki nacyo gikungahaye ku mvugo zishingiye ku mateka y'Uburayi bwo hagati, ubukristu, n'ibidukikije by'imisozi ya Tatra n'amashyamba. Gutanga ibisobanuro by'ijambo ku rindi (literal translation) mu bihe nk'ibi bishobora kwica umwimerere w'inyandiko. Aho guhindura ijambo ku rindi, umuhinduzi w'umwuga agomba kumenya gukoresha uburyo bwo guhuza umuco (transcreation cyangwa adaptation), agashaka imvugo yo mu Gisiluvaki ifite icyo bita "equivalence" cyangwa uburemere nk'ubw'iy'Ikinyarwanda mu rwego rw'umuco.
Inama Z'Ingenzi ku Bahinduzi b'Ikinyarwanda mu Gisiluvaki
- Koresha Inkoranyamagambo z'Ubwenge: Kubera ko nta nkoranyamagambo nini ihari ihuza Ikinyarwanda n'Igisiluvaki mu buryo butaziguye, abahinduzi bgomba kwifashisha indimi z'abahuza nka Giswayire, Igifaransa, cyangwa Icyongereza nka "pivot languages". Ibi bisaba kwitonda kugira ngo bitazana amakosa aturutse ku rurimi rwa gatatu.
- Iga Amasinga y'Igisiluvaki Neza: Niba uri umuhinduzi w'Umunyarwanda ushaka guhindura mu Gisiluvaki, saba umuturage w'umuvandimwe (native speaker) gusuzuma inyandiko yawe kugira ngo arebe niba amasinga n'inyubako by'amazina n'inshinga byakoreshejwe neza.
- Zirikana Ijwi n'Imyitwarire (Tone and Register): Igisiluvaki gifite uburyo bubiri bwo kwandika: imvugo yemewe y'ubwanditsi (spisovná slovenčina) n'imvugo isanzwe (hovorová slovenčina). Ikinyarwanda nacyo kigira imvugo y'icyubahiro n'iy'ubusizi. Huza neza ibi bihe by'indimi kugira ngo ubutumwa bugere ku bo bugenewe mu buryo bwiyubashye kandi bwumvikana.
- Koresha Ikoranabuhanga mu buryo bw'Ubushishozi: Ibikoresho by'ubuhinduzi bwa mudasobwa (CAT Tools) bishobora gufasha mu kwihutisha akazi, ariko ntibishobora kumva nuances z'Ikinyarwanda cyangwa kumenya guhitamo isinga ryiza mu Gisiluvaki. Genzura buri nteruro ku giti cyayo kandi ukore ubugororangingo buhoraho.
- Kora Ubushakashatsi ku Nteruro: Mbere yo gutangira umushinga w'ubuhinduzi, banza ukore ubushakashatsi ku ngingo ivugwaho kugira ngo umenye neza niba inyito z'ikoranabuhanga cyangwa amategeko zifite amagambo ahuye neza mu ndimi zombi.
Imishinga y'Ejo Hazaza n'Ubufatanye mu Buhinduzi bw'Ireme
Uko isi irushaho kuba umudugudu umwe, ni ko n'ubufatanye hagati y'ibihugu nka Slovakia n'u Rwanda burushaho kwiyongera binyuze mu burezi, ubucuruzi, n'ubukerarugendo. Ibi bituma hashingwa imishinga myinshi isaba ubuhinduzi bw'indimi zombi mu buryo bw'umwuga. Gukurikiza izi nama n'ubwo bushishozi mu miterere y'indimi zombi ni yo nzira yonyine yo kubaka ibiraro bikomeye by'itumanaho ryizewe, risobanutse, kandi rifite ireme rihanitse rishobora guhuza imiryango n'umuco y'ibihugu byombi.