Ki te titiro tahi tatou ki ngā reo o te ao, ka kitea he tūhononga motuhake kei waenga i ngā reo o te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa me ngā reo o te taha hauāuru o tēnei moana nui. Ko te reo Māori o Aotearoa me te reo Hipiuanu (Cebuano) o ngā moutere o Piripīni, he reo e hono ana ki te kāhui reo Kotahi o Ahotaranīhia (Austronesian). Ahakoa te tawhiti o ngā whenua e noho nei tēnā me tēnā o ngā iwi, e mau tonu ana te tūhono ā-tinana, ā-wairua hoki i roto i te hanganga o te reo. Heoi, ki te huri te kaiwhakamaori ki te mahi i tēnei taha o te mahi, ara, te whakawhiti korero i te reo Māori ki te reo Hipiuanu, he nui ngā wero, he nui hoki ngā nuance me whai whakaaro nui. Ma tēnei tuhinga e whakaatu te ara e tika ai te whakamaoritanga reo, mai i ngā hōhonutanga o te wetereo ki te taha o ngā tikanga ahurea.
Te Hononga o ngā Reo o te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa
Ko te whakawhiti reo ehara i te whakakapi noa i tētahi kupu ki tētahi atu kupu. He whakawhitinga tēnei o ngā whakaaro, o ngā tauira ahurea, me te ao tirohanga o tētahi iwi. I te mea he reo Ahotaranīhia te reo Māori me te reo Hipiuanu, he māmā ake te mārama ki ētahi o ngā tīmatanga kōrero. Ko tētahi o ngā tino mea hei mahi ma te kaiwhakamaori ko te rapu i ngā kupu e kīia nei he "cognates" – ko ngā kupu he rite te puna kōrero. Hei tauira, ko te kupu Māori 'mata' (eye/face) he rite tonu ki te kupu Hipiuanu 'mata'. Waihoki, ko te kupu 'rima' (five) i te reo Māori, he 'lima' i te reo Hipiuanu. He hononga tēnei e whakamahea ana i te huarahi whakawhiti i ngā kupu taketake.
Ahakoa tēnei hononga taketake, kua wehe te rerekētanga i te roanga o te rau tau. Kua whanake te reo Hipiuanu i raro i te taha o te reo Pāniora me te reo Ingarangi, ā, kei roto i te reo o nāianei te maha o ngā kupu tāhae (loanwords) mai i ēnei reo kē. I te taha o te reo Māori, he nui ngā kupu hou (neologisms) kua hangaia hei whakapuaki i ngā hangarau me ngā whakaaro o te ao hou. Me mōhio te kaiwhakamaori ki ēnei huringa o te wā hei karo i te hē o te tuhi me te pōhēhē o te whai i ngā kupu tahito.
Ngā rerekētanga ā-Wetereo me te Hanga o te Rerenga Kupu
He nui te rerekē o te ara wetereo o ēnei reo e rua, ahakoa e rua e timata ana i te kupu kōrero (verb-initial). Ko te hanga o te reo Māori e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tūmahi i te tīmatanga, kātahi ka whai ake te tūpāpaku me te kaimahi (VSO/VOS). He rite tonu tēnei ki te reo Hipiuanu, engari he tino uaua te punaha e kīia nei ko te "Austronesian alignment" ranei ko te "focus system" o te reo Hipiuanu. Kei tēnei punaha tētahi āhuatanga motuhake e tohuhia ana te aronga o te rerenga kupu mā ngā particles whakauru pēnei i te 'ang' (mo te mea e arohia ana) me te 'sa' me te 'ug'.
- Te aronga o te Tūmahi (Verb Focus): I te reo Hipiuanu, me whakatau te kaiwhakamaori kohea te mea aronga nui o te rerenga korero – ko te kaimahi (agent), ko te mea ka pāngia (patient), ko te wāhi (locative), ko te taputapu ranei (instrumental). I te reo Māori, ka whakamahia ko te reo hohe (active) me te reo hāngū (passive) pēnei i te 'I hanga e ia te whare' (passive style: 'I hangaia te whare e ia') hei whakanui i te mea ka pāngia. Ki te whakawhiti ki te reo Hipiuanu, me whakamahi i te kupu tohu wetereo pēnei i te suffix '-on' rānei te prefix 'mo-' hei whakatika i te focus e hāngai ana.
- Ngā Tūtohu Wā (Tense and Aspect): E whakamahi ana te reo Māori i ngā particles pēnei i te 'kua', 'kei te', 'i', 'e... ana' hei whakaatu i te wā o te kōrero. Kei te reo Hipiuanu he punaha ahua tūmahi (inflectional system) e huri ana te āhua o te kupu matua mā te kuhu i ngā affixes pēnei i te 'ni-', 'mo-', 'naga-'. Me tino tupato te kaiwhakamaori kia kaua e pohehe te wā me te tūāhua o te hohe i te whakawhiti kupu.
Ngā Kupu Rite me te Kupu Piri
Ko te hunga kaiwhakamaori e rapu ana i te kōrero tika, me tino mataara ki te āhua o te kupu taketake. He māmā te titiro ki ngā kupu rite o te kāhui reo kotahi, engari he ara hāngai tēnei ki te raru mēnā ka ngaro te tikanga pono. Hei tauira, ahakoa ko te kupu 'ika' i te reo Māori me te kupu 'isda' (i ahu mai i te kupu 'ika') i te reo Hipiuanu he rite te tikanga (fish), he maha ngā kupu kua huri kē tō rātou aronga ahurea.
Ano hoki, he maha ngā kupu o te reo Hipiuanu i ahu mai i te reo Pāniora e kore e kitea te pakiaka i te ao o ngā reo moutere. Me mārama te kaiwhakamaori ko te kōwhiringa kupu e hāngai ana ki te horopaki o te kōrero. Ki te whakamahia he kupu Hipiuanu taketake i tētahi horopaki e tika ana ngā kupu tāhae pāniora (pēnei i te 'kutsara' mai i te 'cuchara' mō te tīpune), ka whakaarohia tō tuhinga he uaua ki te pānui e te hunga matatau ki te reo Hipiuanu o nāianei.
Te Whakawhiti i te Wairua o te Kupu: Mana, Tapu, Mauri
Ko te wero nui rawa atu mo te kaiwhakamaori ko te rapu i ngā tohu wairua o te reo Māori me tō rātou whakawhitia ki tētahi atu ahurea. Ko ngā kupu pēnei i te 'mana', 'tapu', me te 'mauri', he kupu ngāwari te whakahua engari he hōhonu te tikanga whakapono me te tikanga ahurea. I te reo Hipiuanu, he tūhononga anō ki ēnei ariā, ahakoa kua tae te pānga o te whakapono Karaitiana (Catholicism) e huri ana i ngā whakamāramatanga taketake o ēnei kupu.
Ko te kupu 'mana' i te reo Hipiuanu ka taea te hono ki te kupu 'gahum' (te kaha, te mana rangatira) ranei ki te kupu 'gahum wairua' mō te taha ki te kaha o te tangata me te wairua. Heoi, ko te tino tapu me te wairua o te kupu 'mana' kāore e taea te whakakapi noa ki tētahi kupu kotahi. Waihoki, ko te 'tapu' i te reo Māori he tohu mo te mea motuhake, he mea i tapua mo ngā atua. I te reo Hipiuanu, ka taea te whakamahi i te kupu 'sagrado' (he kupu tāhae pāniora) ranei te kupu 'balaang' mō te tapu Karaitiana, engari ki te hiahia ki te whakamārama i te tapu tuku iho, me hanga he whakamārama tāpiri (circumlocution) hei whakamārama i te ahurea Māori.
He Tohutohu Whaihua mo te Kaituhituhi me te Kaiwhakamaori
Mā te whai i ēnei tohutohu ka taea te karo i ngā raru matua o te whakawhiti kōrero i waenga i ēnei reo e rua:
- Whakaputaina te Horopaki: I mua i te tīmatanga o te whakawhiti kupu, me pānui te katoa o te tuhinga. Me mārama ki te iwi pānui (target audience). He hunga pānui e hiahia ana ki te reo okawa (formal Cebuano), he hunga rangatahi rānei e whakamahi ana i te reo e ranu ana ki te reo Ingarangi (Bislish)?
- Aroturuki i te Focus Wetereo: Kia tupato ki te whakamahi i te aronga tūmahi o te reo Hipiuanu. Mena kei te whakanui te rerenga Māori i te mahi a te tangata, me hanga te rerenga Hipiuanu me te "actor focus" (pēnei i te whakatangi i te affix 'mo-'). Mena kei te arotahi ki te mea ka pāngia, whakamahia te "patient focus".
- Hangaia he Whakamārama Āwhina: Mo ngā kupu ahurea motuhake a te Māori (pēnei i te 'tūpuna', 'hapū', 'taonga'), kaua e huri noa ki te kupu tata o te reo Hipiuanu. Whakaurua tētahi whakamāramatanga poto rānei tētahi gloss hei tiaki i te mana o te kupu Māori taketake.
- Mātakitaki i ngā Kupu Tāhae: Me mōhio ki ngā kupu Hipiuanu o te ao hou e hangaia ana mai i te reo Pāniora me te reo Ingarangi. Mena he tuhinga hangarau, tuhinga ao rānei te kaupapa, he mea pai te whakamahi i ngā kupu tāhae e mārama ana ki te iwi nui.
Ko te whakawhiti reo he mahi toi, he mahi tapu hoki. Mā te whakakotahi i te mātauranga wetereo me te whakaute ki ngā tikanga o ngā iwi e rua, ka taea te hanga i tētahi whakamaoritanga reo e pa ana ki te ngākau me te hinengaro o te tangata Hipiuanu, me te pupuri tonu i te ahua me te hau o te reo Māori.