Ko te whakawhiti reo tētahi o ngā mahi tino hōhonu, tino whakahirahira hoki hei hono i ngā iwi, i ngā tikanga, me ngā pūnaha whakaaro rerekē puta noa i te ao. I tēnei rā, e aro ana tatou ki tētahi ara whakawhiti reo motuhake: ko te whakawhiti mai i te reo Māori (te reo taketake o Aotearoa) ki te reo Marati (Marathi - tētahi o ngā reo matua o Inia, e kōrerotia ana e te neke atu i te waru tekau miriona tāngata). Ahakoa he tawhiti te vā i waenga i enei ao e rua, mā te mārama ki ngā rerekētanga ā-wetereo me ngā hōhonutanga ā-tikanga e taea ai te whakatutuki i tētahi whakawhiti reo kounga teitei, whakaatu hoki i te whakaute ki ngā reo e rua.
Ngā Whakahau Wetereo: Mai i te VSO ki te SOV
Ko tētahi o ngā wero nui rawa atu mō te kaiwhakawhiti reo e mahi ana i waenga i te reo Māori me te reo Marati, ko te hanganga o te rerenga kōrero. He rerekē te whakaritenga o te kupu mahi, te tūpou, me te tūingoa i roto i ēnei reo e rua, ā, me aro nui te kaiwhakawhiti ki tēnei wāhanga.
I roto i te reo Māori, ko te pūnaha matua ko te VSO (Verb-Subject-Object). Ko te tikanga o tēnei, ka tīmata te rerenga kōrero ki te kupu mahi (he wā tōtika, he tūmahi rānei), ka whai mai te tūpāpaku (subject), ka mutu ki te aronga (object). Hei tauira: "Kei te panui te kōtiro i te pukapuka." (Kei te pānui = kupu mahi, te kōtiro = subject, te pukapuka = object).
Engari, i te reo Marati, ko te pūnaha matua ko te SOV (Subject-Object-Verb). Ka whakatakotoria te tūpāpaku ki te tīmatanga, ka whai mai te aronga, ā, ka mutu te rerenga ki te kupu mahi. Ki te whakaatahia tēnei ki te tauira i runga ake nei, ka pēnei te whakariterite i roto i te reo Marati: "Te kōtiro te pukapuka kei te pānui." Nā reira, kāore e taea te whakawhiti kupu-ki-te-kupu. Me wetewete te kaiwhakawhiti i te tino tikanga o te rerenga Māori, ka hanga hou ai i raro i te kaupapa SOV o te reo Marati kia rerehua ai te oro me te ngāwari o te pānui.
Te Pūnaha Pūtohu me te Pūnaha Pīnakitanga
Ko tētahi atu rerekētanga nui ko te whakamahi i ngā kupu iti pēnei i ngā pūtohu me ngā pūmua. I roto i te reo Māori, he whakahirahira ngā kupu pēnei i te "te", "ngā", "a", "i", "ki", me "e". Mā ēnei kupu e tohu te hononga o ngā ingoa me ngā kupu mahi. I te reo Marati, kāore he pūtohu (articles) pēnei i te "te" me "he". Engari, ka whakamahia ngā hononga kupu e kīia ana he postpositions (he rite ki ngā prepositions engari ka tuu ki muri i te kupu) me ngā kūmuri (suffixes) e piri ana ki te mutunga o te kupu hei whakaatu i te tūnga o taua kupu i roto i te rerenga kōrero.
He pūnaha pīnakitanga tō te reo Marati mō ngā ingoa (noun declension). Ina honoa tētahi ingoa ki tētahi postposition, ka huri te āhua o te ingoa matua (e kīia ana tēnei ko te oblique case). Me matatau te kaiwhakawhiti ki ēnei huringa wetereo kia kore ai e hē te hanga o ngā kupu i te reo Marati ina whakawhitia mai te tikanga o ngā pūmuri Māori pēnei i te "i", "ki", "mō", me "mā".
Te Whakawhiti i te Tikanga me ngā Kupu Hōhonu
Ko te whakawhiti reo ehara i te mea mō te wetereo anake; he mahi hoki mō te hono i ngā tikanga. He tikanga motuhake, he ao hōhonu tō te Māori, pēnei anō i te iwi Marati me ō rātou whakapono, tikanga hoki i Maharashtra. Ina whakawhitia ngā kupu Māori whakahirahira pēnei i te mana, tapu, kaitiakitanga, me te whakapapa, he wero nui te rapu i tētahi kupu kotahi i te reo Marati e kapi katoa ana ēnei ariā.
- Mana: He kupu tēnei e tohu ana i te manaakitanga, te whakahīhī, te tapu me te kaha ā-wairua. I roto i te reo Marati, tērā pea ka taea te whakamahi i ngā kupu pēnei i te "प्रतिष्ठा" (Pratishtha - mana/manaakitanga) me te "अधिकार" (Adhikar - mana whakahaere), engari me taapiri he kupu whakamārama ki te horopaki kia kore ai e ngaro te taha ā-wairua o te kupu.
- Kaitiakitanga: Ko tēnei te tiaki i te whenua me te taiao i runga i te tapu. I roto i te reo Marati, ka taea te whakamahi i te "संरक्षकत्व" (Sanrakshakatva - guardianship) rānei, engari me whakaatu te hononga ki te taiao me te taha wairua kia mau tonu te hōhonutanga Māori.
- Whakapapa: Ko te tūhononga ki ngā tūpuna me te whenua. Tērā pea ko te "वंशಾವಳಿ" (Vanshavali - genealogy) te kupu tata, engari he nui ake te whakapapa i te rārangi ingoa noa iho; he hononga wairua, whenua hoki.
Nā reira, ko te tohutohu mō te kaiwhakawhiti reo ko tēnei: mēnā he kupu tino Māori e kore e taea te whakawhiti ki te kupu kotahi, waiho te kupu Māori taketake ki roto i te tuhinga Marati (mā te whakamahi i te pū reta o taua reo, ki te taapiri rānei i tētahi whakamārama poto i roto i te awhero/parentheses). He huarahi tēnei e pupuri ana i te mana o te reo taketake.
Tohutohu Matua mō te Kaiwhakawhiti Reo
Mēnā kei te hiahia koe ki te whakawhiti i tētahi tuhinga mai i te reo Māori ki te reo Marati i runga i te huarahi matatau, e whai ake nei ētahi tohutohu nui hei ārahi i tō mahi:
- Aro ki te Horopaki (Context): Kaua rawa e whakawhiti kupu kotahi ki te kupu kotahi. Matua pānui i te whārangi katoa rānei, i te paratarafa katoa rānei kia mōhio ai koe ki te wairua me te tikanga o te kōrero i mua i te tīmatanga o te whakawhiti reo.
- Waihanga Kupu Taka (Glossary): I mua i te tīmatanga o te mahi, tuhia ngā kupu matua katoa me ō rātou tikanga e tika ana i roto i ngā reo e rua. Mā tēnei e whakarite kia ōrite tonu te whakamahi i ngā kupu puta noa i te tuhinga.
- Mārama ki te Hunga Pānui (Target Audience): Ko wai mā ngā tāngata e pānui ana i te tuhinga Marati? He hunga mātauranga rānei, he hunga nōa rānei? Mā tēnei e tohu te taumata o te reo Marati e tika ana (pēnei i te whakamahi i te reo ōhawa, i te reo noa rānei).
- Whakarongo ki te Oro o te Reo: He reo rerehua te reo Māori, he pēnei anō te reo Marati me ōna rātonga oro me ōna rārangi kōrero. Ina oti i a koe tētahi waahanga, pānuihia kia kitea mēnā kei te rere pai the oro me te āhua o te reo whakawhiti.
- Whakawhiti Kōrero ki ngā Mātanga: He mea nui tonu te mahi tahi me tētahi tangata he matatau tana reo matua ko te reo Marati, ā, e mārama ana hoki ki te kaupapa o te tuhinga Māori kia taea ai te arotake i te kounga o te mahi.
Te Hiranga o te Whakamātau ā-Rohe (Localization)
Kāore te whakawhiti reo e mutu i te whakarerekē wetereo anake. Ko te localization (te whakamātau ā-rohe) tētahi wāhanga nui. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, me whakauru ngā kōrero ki roto i te ao o te hunga e kōrero ana i te reo Marati. Hei tauira, ngā whakaritenga ā-rangi, ngā whakataukī, me ngā pūrākau. Mēnā ka whakamahi te tuhinga Māori i tētahi whakataukī pēnei i te "E tō te rā, e tohu ana i te opunga o tētahi huarahi", me rapu tētahi whakataukī Marati e whai ana i taua wairua kotahi, tēnā i te whakawhiti kupu-ki-te-kupu i te whenua rānei, i te tīmatanga rānei o te whakataukī.
I roto i tēnei ao honohono, ko te whakawhiti i te reo Māori ki te reo Marati he mahi tino nui e taea ai te tiri i te mātauranga, te whakapono, me te ahurea o te ao Māori ki te ao o Maharashtra. Mā te aro nui ki te wetereo (mai i te VSO ki te SOV), ki te mana o ngā kupu tikanga hōhonu, me te whakarite i te horopaki e tika ana, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakawhiti reo te hanga i tētahi hononga kaha, rerehua hoki i waenga i ēnei ahurea whakaharahira e rua.