Kushandurwa kwemashoko kubva pane mumwe mutauro kuenda kune mumwe chirongwa chakakosha chinoda unyanzvi hwakadzama hwemaperengo, zvivakwa zvemitauro, uye tsika dzevanhu vanotaura mitauro iyoyo. Munyika dzekuchamhembe kweAfrica, mitauro yeChishona (inotaurwa zvakanyanya muZimbabwe) neChizulu (isiZulu, chinotaurwa zvakanyanya muSouth Africa) inotora nzvimbo yakakura kwazvo munyaya dzecommerce, dzidzo, kutaurirana, uye zvenhau. Kunyange zvazvo mitauro iyi miviri yakabva kumhuri imwe chete yechiBantu, kushandura kubva Chishona kuenda Chizulu kunoda kuti mushanduri anzwisise zvakadzika musiyano wezvivakwa zvemitauro iyi kuitira kuti aburitse revo yechokwadi pasina kurasikirwa netsika kana kuderedza chimiro chemutauro unobuda.
Mupanda weMazita neChibvumirano cheMitauro yechiBantu
Chishona neChizulu mitauro inowirirana munzira dzakawanda nekuda kwemavambo awo anobva kumhuri yechiBantu. Kufanana uku kunobatsira vashanduri kuti vakwanise kubata mutauro wepiri zviri nyore, asi kunogona zvakare kuve musungo wakavanzika kana mushanduri asina kungwarira. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinofadza zvinowirirana zvinosanganisira:
- Mupanda weMazita (Noun Classes): Mitauro yese iri miviri ine mupanda wemazita unotungamira chibvumirano chemashoko mumutsara (noun class concord system). Semuyenzaniso, Mupanda 1 muChishona une chivakashure chekuti "mu-" (semunhu), iyo inoenderana neMupanda 1 muChizulu ine chivakashure chekuti "umu-" (semuntu). Mushanduri anofanira kungwarira kuti anzwisise mashandiro emipanda iyi kuitira kuti chibvumirano chechiito chibude chakarurama.
- Chibvumirano cheMutsara (Concordial Agreement): MuChishona kana tichiti "Mwana ari kuverenga bhuku", muChizulu tinoti "Umntwana uyafunda incwadi". Zvivakashure zvechiito zvinotaridza chibvumirano ("a-" muChishona uye "u-" muChizulu) zvinobva pane mupanda wezita racho. Izvi zvinoreva kuti chibvumirano chemutauro wepiri chinofanira kunyatsogadziriswa kuti mutsara uve nekuwirirana kunotarisirwa.
- Midzi yemashoko yakafanana (Cognates): Pane mashoko akawanda ane midzi inoda kufanana nekuda kwekuti mitauro iyi inobva kumhuri imwe chete. Semuyenzaniso, zita rekuti "mvura" muChishona rinoenderana ne "amanzi" muChizulu, uye "kudya" muChishona rinoenderana ne "ukudla" muChizulu. Kufanana uku kunobatsira mushanduri kunzwisisa pfungwa dziri kutaurwa nekukurumidza.
Manyorerwo eMashoko: Conjunctive vs Disjunctive Orthography
Musiyano mukuru unobuda pakati pemitauro iyi miviri uri pamanyorerwo emashoko (orthography). Chizulu chinoshandisa manyorero anonzi "conjunctive writing style" (kubatanidza mashoko), apo zvivakashure zvose nemagadzirirwo emitsara anobatanidzwa kuita shoko rimwe chete rakareba. Chishona, pane rumwe rutivi, chinoshandisa manyorero ari pedyo ne "disjunctive writing style", apo mashoko mazhinji anonyorwa akaparadzana nemapikicha akasiyana.
Semuyenzaniso, mutsara unoti "Ndinokuda zvikuru" muChishona unonyorwa semashoko maviri akasiyana. Asi muChizulu, mutsara uyu unonyorwa sekuva shoko rimwe chete rakabatanidzwa zvachose: "Ngikuthanda kakhulu" (kana kuti "Ngyakuthanda kakhulu"). Kana mushanduri akasadzidza musiyano uyu, anogona kunyora mutauro weChizulu akashandisa mitemo yenyika yeChishona, izvo zvinoita kuti zvinyorwa zvake zvioneke sezvisina unyanzvi uye zvisinganzwisisike nevanhu veko. Kudzidza manyorerwo emutauro weChizulu (isiZulu orthography rules) chinhu chinokosha zvikuru kune vashanduri vese vanoda kuburitsa basa remhando yepamusoro.
Dambudziko reMashoko Anonyengera (False Friends)
Vashanduri vazhinji vanowira mumusungo wekufunga kuti sezvo mashoko akati wandei achinzwika zvakafanana, anoreva chinhu chimwe chete. Iri idambudziko guru pakati peChishona neChizulu nekuda kwekuti ane mashoko anonyengera (false friends). Mashoko aya anotaridza kunge akafanana zvikuru asi ane zvirevo zvakasiyana zvachose munyika mbiri idzi.
Semuyenzaniso, shoko rekuti "bhiza" muChishona rinoreva mhuka inoshandiswa kutakura vanhu kana zvinhu (horse). Asi muChizulu, shoko rekuti "biza" (rinodudzwa nenzira yakafanana) chiito chinoreva "daidza" kana "sheedza" (to call). Kana mushanduri akakanganisa akashandisa mashoko aya nekuda kwekufanana kweakazvinzwa, anogona kukanganisa chirevo chemutsara wose uye kuunza kuvhiringidzika kukuru kuvadzidzi kana vaverengi vake. Rimwe shoko rekuenzanisa nderekuti "kufuna" muChishona rinoshandiswa mune mamwe matunhu kureva kufunura (peel) kana kufembedza (sniff), asi muChizulu "ukufuna" zvinoreva kutsvaga kana kuda chinhu (to want/search). Izvi zvinoda kuti mushanduri ange akangwarira nguva dzose uye ashandise maduramazwi akavimbika emutauro weChizulu neChishona.
Kushandurwa kweTsumo neMadimikira (Izaga nezisho)
Kushandura haasi mashoko bedzi; ndiko kutakura tsika nemagariro kubva kune rimwe boka revanhu kuenda kune rimwe. Tsumo dzeChishona dzinotakura njere nemaitiro evanhu vemuZimbabwe. Kana tichishandura kuenda kuChizulu, kushandura tsumo nenzira inotevera mazwi chete (literal translation) kunoparadza chirevo.
Semuyenzaniso, tsumo yeChishona inoti "Chara chimwe hachitswanyi nda" inoreva kuti kubatana ndiko kune simba uye basa guru rinoda vanhu vakawanda. Kana ukaishandura sezvariri kuChizulu uchingoti "Umunwe owodwa awuyibulali intwala", inogona kunzwika asi inenge isina kunaka mukanwa meMutatiri weChizulu zvakafanana netsumo yavo chaiyo. Chakanakira ndechekuti mushanduri atsvage tsumo yeChizulu inoenderana nayo yakaita sekuti: "Umunwe owodwa awuyihlomuli intwala" (Umunwe owodwa awuyibulali intwala inonzwika zvakare, asi yechinyakare inoshandisa shoko rekuti 'awuyihlomuli'). Kana kuti kushandisa zvirevo zvinoratidza kubatana sekuti "Izandla ziyagezana" (maoko anoshambidzana). Izvi zvinoda kuti mushanduri ange ari munhu akaverenga zvakanyanya madimikira nemabhuku emitauro iyi miviri, kuitira kuti agone kufananidza pfungwa pane kungoshandura mazwi zvakaoma.
Mazano Anokosha eVashanduri nekuvandudza SEO
Kuti uburitse basa remhando yepamusoro uye rakagadzirirwa kutsvagwa painternet (SEO optimization), tevera mazano aya anotevera:
- Ramba Uchiwedzera Ruzivo rweMutauro weChizulu: Nekuti Chizulu mutauro une mataurirwo akasiyana zvichienderana nematunhu (dialects), edza kushandisa Chizulu chakachena (standard isiZulu) chinoshandiswa muzvinyorwa zvematare nezvikoro nemagwaro enhau.
- Nzwisisa Mutinhimira neKududzwa kwemashoko (Clicks): Chizulu chine madonzvo ezviperengo ane ruzha rwemaclicks (c, q, x). Kunyange zvazvo munyori asingataure maclicks pamapepa anonyorwa, kuziva kuti anomirira chii uye manyorerwo awo kunobatsira kunzwisisa mashoko anonzwika zvakafanana asi ane clicks dzakasiyana dzinopa revo yakasiyana zvachose.
- Kushandusa Zvishandiso zvemazuvano (CAT Tools): Kushandisa software dzinobatsira kushandura kwakakosha kuitira kukurumidza kuita basa, asi unofanira kugara uchiita ongororo yemurume nemukadzi (human post-editing) nekuti software dzinowanzovhiringidzika nemasuffix nemaprefix akaoma emutauro weChizulu.
- Nyora Uchifunga Mudonzvo weMutsigiri (SEO Best Practices): Shandisa mashoko anowanzo tsvagwa nevanhu painternet akaita sekuti "kushandura mutauro", "Chishona kuenda Chizulu", uye "matambudziko ekushandura". Isa mashoko aya mumisoro yepeji nemundima dzekutanga kuitira kuti zvinyorwa zvako zvionekwe zviri nyore pajinjini rekutsvaga (search engines).
- Kudzokorora nekugadzirisa Zvikanganiso (Proofreading): Basa rekushandura harizoperi usina kuita kuti mutauri wemuno weChizulu (native speaker) aripfuure nemumeso. Izvi zvinobatsira kubvisa chero zvikanganiso zvisina kururama zvingangokanganisa chirevo chomutauro wacho uye kuita kuti chinyorwa chako chive chemhando yepamusoro uye chinotarisirwa nevazhinji.
Basa rekushandura kubva muChishona kuenda muChizulu haringogumiri pakuchinjanisa mashoko chete, asi rinosanganisira kuvaka zambuko rine simba remagariro, tsika, nepfungwa dzevanhu. Kutevedzera mitemo nemazano ataurwa pamusoro apa kunovimbisa kuti vashanduri vanoburitsa zvinyorwa zvakajeka, zvinodakadza, uye zvine revo yechokwadi inosvika pamwoyo yevaverengi veChizulu pasi rose, huku vachichengetedza mitemo yose yeinjini dzekutsvaga (SEO).