Kushandurwa kwemashoko nemitsara pakati pemitauro miviri isina hukama hwemhuri imwe chete kunoda ruzivo rwakadzama rwezvinyorwa, kwete chete rwemashoko anowanikwa muduramazwi asi nerwemagariro, tsika, uye mafungiro evanhu vanotaura mitauro iyoyo. Chishona, unova mutauro mukuru wechiBantu unotaurwa nevanhu mamiriyoni muZimbabwe nemune zvimwe zvikamu zveMozambique, Zambia, neBotswana, chakasiyana zvachose neChiGalician (Galego), unova mutauro wechiRomance unotaurwa kudunhu reGalicia riri kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweSpain. Gwaro rino rakanangana nekuongorora nzira dzakadzama, matambudziko anowanzoonekwa nevashanduri, nemazano anobatsira pakushandura zvinyorwa kubva muChishona kuenda muChiGalician zvine hunyanzvi uye zvakadzama muSEO.
Misiyano yeGirama Nezvivakwa zveMitauro pakati peChishona neChiGalician
Kuti munhu akwanise kududzira zvakanaka pakati pemitauro iyi, anofanira kutanga anzwisisa musiyano mukuru uripo pakati pezvivakwa zvegirama yemitauro iyi miviri. Chishona mutauro unotsamira pazvikwata zvemazita (noun classes). Zvikwata izvi, zvinobva pachikwata chekutanga (Class 1) kusvika pachikwata chemakumi maviri nemumwe (Class 21), zvinotarisira madungamiriro anoitwa mazita, zvisazitasingwi, nezviito mumutauro. Semuenzaniso, kana tichitaura nezvechinhu chiri muchikwata chechishanu (senge "banga"), chirevo chedu chinofanira kutevedza chivakashure chechikwata ichocho (banga rakapinza, mapanga akapinza).
Kune rumwe rutivi, ChiGalician mutauro wechiRomance unotsamira pazvikadzi nezvirume (gender system - masculino ne femenino) pamwe chete nehuwandu (singular ne plural). Hapana zvikwata zvemazita zvakawanda seChiChishona. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mushanduri anofanira kuwana nzira yekuenzanisa zvikwata zvemazita zveChishona kuti zvipinde muzvikamu zviviri zvemashoko muChiGalician asingarasikirwi nerevo yepakutanga. Uyezve, ChiGalician chinoshandisa chiito chine marudzi akawanda ekunyongoroka (verb conjugations) zvichienderana nemunhu ari kuita chiito chacho uye nguva yacho, nepo Chishona chichishandisa zvivakamberi nezvivakashure zvakabatanidzwa pachiito chimwe chete (agglutinative syntax). Izvi zvinoreva kuti mutsara mupfupi muChishona unogona kuda mashoko akawanda muChiGalician, kana kuti zvinopesana.
Kutsinhira Tsika dzevanhu: Kubva kuZimbabwe Kuenda kuGalicia
Mutauro wega wega wakabata tsika netsika dzevanhu vanoupona mazuva ese. Paunenge uchishandura kubva muChishona kuenda muChiGalician, pane mazwi akawanda eChishona anobata zvechinyakare anoshaya akaenzana nawo zvakananga muChiGalician. Mazwi akadai se "roora", "sadza", "mudzimu", "nhimbe", kana "chisi" haakwanise kushandurwa neshoko rimwe chete remuChiGalician nekuti tsika idzi hadziko kudunhu reGalicia uye magariro evanhu ava akasiyana zvikuru neevaShona.
Kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, mushanduri ane hunyanzvi anofanira kushandisa nzira dzinotevera dzekutsinhira mutauro:
- Kutsanangura (Descriptive Translation): Panzvimbo yekuedza kutsvaga shoko rimwe chete risipo, mushanduri anogona kushandisa mutsara mupfupi unotsanangura zvinoreva shoko iroro. Semuenzaniso, "sadza" rinogona kutsanangurwa se "chingwa chakagadzirwa nehupfu hwechibage chakabikwa nemvura inopisa" (un prato tradicional de fariña de millo cocida).
- Kukwereta Shoko (Borrowing/Loanwords): Mashoko akadzika mutsika anogona kuchengetwa ari muChishona asi akanyorwa akatsveyamiswa (italics), uyezve achipihwa tsananguro pfupi muzvikomberedzo (brackets) kana munyoro wezasi (footnotes) kuitira muverengi weChiGalician. Izvi zvinochengetedza hunhu hwemutauro wekutanga.
- Kushandura Zvinoenderana neMutauri (Adaptation): Kutsvaga chimwe chinhu mutsika dzevaGalician chine basa rakafanana nerakachengetedzwa mutsika dzevaShona, kunyangwe zvisina kufanana chaizvo nekutaridzika.
Matambudziko Akajairika muKushandurwa kwetumo nemadimikira
Rimwe dambudziko guru rinosangana nevashanduri ndere kushandurwa kwetsumo nemadimikira. Tsumo dzeChishona dzinowanzo shandisa mhuka dzesango, zvirimwa, uye magariro ekumaruwa kutsanangura huchenjeri hweupenyu. Semuenzaniso, tsumo inoti "Kugona nhanho yemwana kuona yomukuru" kana kuti "Mwana washe muranda kumwe." Kana ukaedza kushandura tsumo idzi shoko neshoko (literal translation) kuenda muChiGalician, dzinorasikirwa nerevo yadzo zvachose uye dzinovhiringidza muverengi.
Kuti izvi zvisaitike, mushanduri ane hunyanzvi anofanira kutsvaga tsumo yeChiGalician inotakura huchenjeri hwakafanana kana kuti revo yakafanana. Semuenzaniso, kune tsumo dzechiGalician dzinotsanangura nezvemagariro evanhu nevakuru vavo kana kuti magariro evarombo nevapfumi. Kana isipo, zvirinani kutsanangura revo yetsumo yacho panzvimbo yekushandura mashoko acho rimwe nerimwe. Kushandura tsumo zvinoda munhu anonzwisisa zvinorehwa neupenyu munzvimbo dzose mbiri.
Mazano Akakosha Ekuvandudza Basa reKushandura Chishona neChiGalician
Kuti uve neongororo yakanaka uye kubereka zvinyorwa zvakashandurwa zvine unyanzvi hwemhando yepamusoro uye zvinokwezva vaverengi nevaridzi vemitauro iyi, tevera mazano aya anotevera:
- Verenga Zvakadzama Zvinyorwa zveChiGalician: Kuti unzwisise maitiro anonyorwa nawo mutauro uyu, unofanira kuverenga mabhuku, mapepanhau, uye zvinyorwa zvemunyika iyoyo kuitira kuti uwane mutsindo chaiwo wemutauro (natural flow). Izvi zvinobatsira kuti chinyorwa chako chisanzwe kunge chakasandurwa nemuchina.
- Shandisa Maturusi eUnyanzvi (Translation Tools): Maturusi akaita seComputer-Assisted Translation (CAT tools) anogona kubatsira mukuronga mashoko, asi anofanira kushandiswa pamwe chete neuchenjeri hwemushanduri kudzivirira kukanganisa kwezvivakwa zvemutauro.
- Tarisisa Zvakare (Proofreading): Mushure mekushandura, siya chinyorwa chako kwenguva yakati kuti usati wadzoka kuzochiverenga zvakare. Izvi zvinokubatsira kuona zvikanganiso zvawakarasa pakutanga. Kana zvichibvira, tsvaga munhu anoziva mutauro weChiGalician zvakadzama kuti aongorore chinyorwa chako.
- Kugadziridza SEO (Search Engine Optimization): Kana uri kunyorera dandemutande (websites), shandisa mazwi akakosha anotsvakwa nevanhu (keywords) mumitauro yese miviri. Izvi zvinobatsira kuti zvinyorwa zvako zviwanikwe nyore nyore nevanhu vanotsvaka ruzivo paGoogle nemamwe majini ekutsvaga munyika yose.
Unyanzvi hweKunyora neKugadzirisa Izwi reChinyorwa (Register and Tone)
Mataurirwo nemanyorerwo emashoko anosiyana zvichienderana nekuti chinyorwa chacho ndechei. Zvinyorwa zvemutemo zvinoda mashoko akasiyana zvachose nezvinyorwa zvenhau kana zvemabhuku enyambo. MuChishona, kuremekedza kunoonekwa pakushandisa zvisazitasingwi zvemubatanidzwa (plural pronouns for honorifics, semuenzaniso "kushandisa 'imi' kana 'vamwe' panzvimbo ye 'iwe'"). MuChiGalician, kuremekedza kunogona kuratidzwa nekushandisa shoko rekuti "vostede" panzvimbo yekuti "ti". Mushanduri anofanira kuva anocherechedza mutsindo uyu kuitira kuti chinyorwa chake chichengetedze rukudzo rukuru runowanikwa mumitauro yose miviri.
Kushandurwa kwezvinyorwa kubva muChishona kuenda muChiGalician kunovhura mikova mikuru yekudyidzana pakati petsika dzevanhu vemuAfrica nevavo vekuEurope. Nokutevedza mitemo inokosha yegiramufomu, kunzwisisa tsika, uye kushandisa mazano ehunyanzvi atsanangurwa mugwaro rino, vashanduri vanogona kupa zvinyorwa zvinobata mwoyo yevaridzi vemutauro nemazvo uye zvinosimudzira mutauro wose uri kushandurwa.