Kushandura zvinyorwa kubva mumutauro wechiShona kuenda kune wechiHungari ibasa rinoda hunyanzvi hwepamusoro hwezvemutauro, kunyisisa patsika, pamwe nekuongorora kwakadzama kwemitsara. Mutauro wechiShona, unova mumwe wemitauro mikuru yechiBantu muZimbabwe, une zvivakashure zvakawanda zvinoratidza mapoka ezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, kana kuti mipanda yemazita. Kune rumwe rutivi, mutauro wechiHungari (unozivikanwawo nekuti Magyar) unova mutauro wechiUralic unotaurwa muHungary nemamwe matunhu akapoteredza muEurope. Mitauro iyi miviri haina hukama zvachose, izvo zvinoita kuti mutsara wega wega unoda kushandurwa uve chinetso chikuru chinoda kurongwa patsva kwezvivakiso zvemutauro. Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura matanho anokosha, zvipingamupinyi zvinoonekwa, uye nzira dzinoshanda dzekuita shanduro inyatsobuda zvakanaka.
Mipanda yeMazita yechiShona uye Makesi echiHungari
Kusiyana kwegirama pakati pemitauro iyi ndiko kunoita kuti basa rekushandura rive rakaoma. MuchiShona, tinoshandisa mipanda yemazita (noun classes) ine zvivakashure (prefixes) zvinotara kuwirirana kwezviperengo nemazwi ari mumutsetse (concordial agreement). Semuenzaniso, zita rekuti "murume" riri mumupanda 1, uye richipa chiratidzo "mu-" icho chinofanira kuenderana nechiito, sezvinotevera: "murume mukuru anouya". Pano, zviga zvekuti "mu-", "mu-", ne"-a-" zvakabatana mukutsanangura munhu mumwe chete. Kune rimwe divi, chiHungari hachishandisi mipanda yemazita yakadaro, uye zvachose hachina mitsara yechikadzi neyechirume (grammatical gender), zvinoreva kuti nhengo dzese dzinomirirwa nenzira imwe chete pane zvepabonde. Asi chiHungari chinoshandisa hurongwa hwakaoma kwazvo hwemakesi emutauro (cases) anosvika gumi nemasere (18 cases) kana kudarika. Makesi aya anowedzerwa kumagumo emazita sechivakamashure chekumashure (suffix). Izvi zvinoita kuti chirevo chose chinoshandura mashoko chinoshandiswa muchiShona semazwi akazvimirira (sezviratidzo zvepanzvimbo zvakaita sekuti "mukati me-", "pamusoro pe-", kana "kuseri kwe-") chipindiswe mukati mezita muchiHungari. Semuenzaniso, izwi rekuti "tafura" muchiShona rinoti "asztal" muchiHungari. Kana tichida kuti "patafura", muchiShona izwi rekuti "pa-" riri pamberi, asi muchiHungari tinoti "asztalon", apo chivakamashure chekumashure "-on" chawedzerwa kuratidza nzvimbo. Mutsauko uyu unoda kuti mushanduri anyatsoteerera mativi ese ekuvaka mashoko kuitira kuti arambe akatendeka kune zviri kurehwa nemunyori wepakutanga.
Kuenderana kweMavhawero (Vowel Harmony) muchiHungari
Chimwe chinhu chinonyanya kuzivikanwa mumutauro wechiHungari mutemo wekuenderana kwemavhawero (vowel harmony). Mutemo uyu unoti mavhawero ari muchivakamashure anofanira kuenderana nemavhawero ari mumudzi wezita racho. Mavhawero muchiHungari akakamurwa kuva mapoka maviri makuru: mavhawero emberi (front vowels: e, i, ö, ü) nemavhawero eshure (back vowels: a, o, u). Paunowedzera chivakamashure pamazita, unofanira kusarudza chivakamashure chine mavhawero anowirirana. Semuenzaniso, chivakamashure chekutara nzvimbo yebasa riri mukati "-ban/-ben" (mukati me-) chine shanduro mbiri. Kana tichishandura "mumba" (imba muchiHungari inonzi "ház"), zita rekuti "ház" rine vhawero reshure "á", saka tinoshandisa "-ban", zvichiva "házban". Asi kana tichishandura "mubindu" (bindu muchiHungari inonzi "kert"), nekuti "kert" ine vhawero remberi "e", tinoshandisa "-ben", zvichipa "kertben". Izvi zvinoita kuti vashanduri vanotaura chiShona vanoda kunyora nechiHungari vave neruzivo rwakadzama rwezviperengo nemanzwiro emitauro iyi, nekuti chero kukanganisa kudiki paVowel Harmony kunobva kwakanganisa kunzwisisa kwechinyorwa chose.
Chimiro cheMutsetse uye Kutsvedza kweMashoko
Chimiro chemutsetse muchiShona chinowanzotevera nhevedzano yeMusoro-Chiito-Chaitirwa (Subject-Verb-Object - SVO). Kunyangwe tichigona kushandura mimwe mitsara zvichienderana nezvatinoda kusimbisa, mitemo yechiShona yakati tsvikiti pane izvi. Asi muchiHungari, chimiro chemutsetse hachina kuzvipira panyaya yeSVO chete. Mutauro uyu unorongwa zvichienderana nekukosha kwemashoko (information structure) uye pfungwa inoda kunyanya kubuda panguva iyoyo (focus and topic). Izvi zvinoita kuti munyori akwanise kuisa chaitirwa kana chiito pakutanga kwemutsetse kuti akwezve pfungwa dzemuverengi. Semuenzaniso, mutsetse wechiShona unoti "Tendai akaverenga tsamba" unogona kushandurwa muchiHungari nenzira dzakawanda zvichienderana nekutsanangurwa kwechinhu chinokosha:
- Tendai elolvasta a levelet: Pano, tiri kungotaura zviri nyore kuti Tendai ndiye akaverenga tsamba yacho (chimiro chakaenzana nechiShona).
- A levelet Tendai olvasta el: Pano, chiri kusimbiswa tsamba (kwete rimwe chinyorwa) iyo yakaverengwa naTendai.
- Elolvasta Tendai a levelet: Pano, chiito chekuverenga ndicho chiri kunyanya kuratidzwa kuti chakatoitwa zvakazara.
Mushanduri ane hunyanzvi anofanira kuziva mamiriro emutsetse wekutanga muchiShona kuti aone kuti munyori aida kuti muverengi aone chii chiri pamberi, ozozvitsanangura muchiHungari achishandisa nzira kwayo yekuronga mashoko iyi inoda ruzivo rwakadzama rwehurongwa hwechinyorwa.
Kududzirwa kweTsika, Tsumo, neMadimikira
Kushandura kubva muchiShona kuenda muchiHungari hachingori nyaya yekuchinja mashoko chete; ibasa zvakare rekutakura tsika dzenyika mbiri idzi dzakasiyana zvachose. ChiShona mutauro wakapfuma nemadimikira netsumo dzinobva mumagariro eZimbabwe, upenyu hwemumaruwa, kuremekedzana kwevanhu, uye kubata mhuka dzomusango. Kune rumwe rutivi, tsika dzechiHungari dzakadzika midzi munhoroondo yemuEurope yePakati, upenyu hwemumaguta nemuminda yenzvimbo dzinotonhora, pamwe nenhoroondo yemitambo nenyika dzekunze. Kushandura tsumo kubva pane mumwe mutauro kuenda pane mumwe pasina kurasikirwa nerevo yayo ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakaoma zvakanyanya.
Kufanana neiyi tsumo yechiShona inoti: "Kusiri kufa ndekupi, kuda mukadzi wemumwe uine wako?" Pfungwa iri pano ndeyekuda kuedza kuita zvinhu zvine ngozi kana zvisiri pamutemo uchiziva kuti zvakaipa. MuchiHungari, hapana tsumo yakadaro inotaura nezvemukadzi wemumwe, asi pane dzinotaura nezvekuzvitsvakira matambudziko kana kutamba nemoto, yakadai seyechiHungari inoti: "Ki mint vet, úgy arat" (unokohwa zvawakadyara) kana kuti "Aki a tűzzel játszik, megégeti magát" (uyo anotamba nemoto anozvitsva). Mushanduri anofanira kutsvaga pfungwa inoenderana nechinangwa chekutanga pane kungoti shandura izwi nezwi.
Chimwe dimikira rinoti "kubata munhu kumeso" (kunyengedza munhu kana kumuvanzira chokwadi) rikasandurwa muchiHungari sezvariri rinenge risina musoro zvachose. MuchiHungari, vane rimwe dimikira rakafanana nerinoshandisa maziso kana mhuno, sekuvaudza kuti "homokot vet valakinek a szemébe" (rinoreva kukanda jecha mumaziso emumwe munhu). Kutsvaga kufanana kwakadaro kwemadimikira kunoda kuti mushanduri ave munhu akaverenga zvakanyanya uye anonzwisisa magariro emitauro miviri iyi kuitira kuti shanduro irambe yakapfava uye ichinakidza kuverenga.
Mazano Anobatsira Vashanduri vechiShona nechiHungari
Kuita shanduro yemhando yepamusoro inokwezva vaverengi nekuita kuti chinyorwa chinzwe senge chakanyorwa muHungary kubva pakutanga kunoda kushandisa mamwe mazano anokosha ekugadzira zvemukati. Heano mamwe emazano anokosha anobatsira vashanduri vanoda kuita basa iri nemazvo:
- Shandisa Nzira yeTranscreation (Kugadzira Patsva zvemukati): Panzvimbo pekungoshandura mashoko, shandura pfungwa nemanzwiro. Izvi zvakakosha pakushambadzira, nhetembo, nemabhuku ekunyora. Ita shuwa kuti shanduro yacho inonyatsonzwikwa nevaverengi vechiHungari nenzira yakasununguka.
- Teerera Maitiro eKutaura (Formal vs Informal Tone): Mutauro wechiHungari une zvikamu zvakasiyana zvekuremekedza zvichienderana nekuti uri kutaura nani (magázás - kutaura zviri pamutemo kushandisa munhu wechitatu, kana tegezés - kutaura neushamwari kushandisa munhu wechipiri). MuchiShona, tinoshandisa chivakashure chekuremekedza "va-" kana izwi rekuti "imi". Mushanduri anofanira kuziva kusarudza chimiro chakakodzera pakati pezvikamu izvi muchiHungari zvichienderana neukama hwevanhu vanotaurwa mumutsetse.
- Ramba Uchirarama neMutauro: Mutauro wechiHungari unoramba uchishanduka, uine mashoko matsva emazuva ano (neologisms) anobuda nekuda kwemichina nehunyanzvi hutsva. Izvi zvinoitikawo muchiShona chemazuva ano. Gara uchiverenga zvinyorwa zvitsva nemapepanhau emitauro miviri iyi kuti ruzivo rwako rwurambe ruri rutsva.
- Ongororo yeVagari veko (Native Speaker Review): Usati watumira chinyorwa chako chekupedzisira, ita shuwa kuti munhu akakurira mumutauro wechiHungari anochiongorora kuti aone kana paine mitsara inonzwika seinoshamisa kana isina kurongeka zvakanaka. Izvi zvinobatsira kubvisa zvikanganiso zvemashoko zvinogona kutadza kuonekwa nemichina inoshandura mitauro.
Kutevedzera mazano aya ndiko kunoita kuti shanduro kubva muchiShona kuenda muchiHungari ive inobudirira, inaremekedza zvinoreva munyori, uye inogamuchirwa zvakanaka nevateereri vayo vakatarirwa.